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1994-07-28
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LaTeX Installation Guide
20 July 1994
SUMMARY
=======
This file contains the installation instructions for the latest
version of the LaTeX document preparation system.
The rest of this document describes:
* How to find out about installing LaTeX for your version of TeX.
* How the installation works.
* What to do if anything goes wrong.
TeX experts who want to know more about how the LaTeX installation
works and how it can be customized may like to read texpert.txt.
DOCUMENTATION
=============
Brief introductions to various aspects of the new LaTeX release can be
found in the distributed files with names <*>guide.tex. You will need
to install the new version before you can typeset these files.
A full description of the new LaTeX release (and of more than 100
packages that can be used with LaTeX) can be found in:
* The LaTeX Companion, Goossens, Mittelbach and Samarin, Addison-Wesley
ISBN 0-201-54199-8.
The new release is also described in the second edition of:
* LaTeX A Document Preparation System, Leslie Lamport, Addison-Wesley
REQUIREMENTS
============
In addition to the LaTeX distribution files, you will also need the
following:
* a TeX system, including iniTeX (see `Your Version of TeX', below);
* the file `hyphen.tex', or some other hyphenation files (see `Creating
the LaTeX Format', below);
* the font files (normally .tfm files) for the Computer Modern fonts,
including some non-standard ones (see `Fonts needed', below).
YOUR VERSION OF TEX
===================
LaTeX is based upon Donald Knuth's TeX typesetting system. This is
available for almost every make of computer, from microcomputers
through workstations to large main-frames.
Further details about how to install LaTeX for your version of TeX may
be available in a file called <system>.txt. At present the following
such files exist (at least):
* directex.txt for DirectTeX on the MAC.
* emtex.txt for emTeX on the PC.
* microtex.txt for MicroTeX (uTeX) on the PC.
* oztex.txt for OzTeX on the Macintosh.
* web2ctex.txt for web2c TeX on Unix platforms.
* yandytex.txt for Y&YTeX on IBM PC compatibles.
You should finish reading this file before reading the <system>.txt
file for your system. If there is no such file then this file alone is
your installation guide.
If you have bought a commercial version of TeX/LaTeX and there is no
file for your system then you could ask the company which sells your
version of TeX to supply one.
Note to TeX implementors/suppliers:
----------------------------------
If you can supply us with a <system>.txt file for your implementation
we shall be very grateful and we shall add it to our distribution.
HOW THE INSTALLATION WORKS
==========================
The LaTeX installation is in four stages:
* Saving any old version of LaTeX.
* Unpacking the distribution (this may not be necessary).
* Creating the LaTeX format.
* Putting the files where LaTeX can read them.
* Checking the installation.
SAVING ANY OLD VERSION OF LaTeX
===============================
If you are currently using the old LaTeX version, 2.09, you may wish
to save it before installing the new version of LaTeX.
If it exists, the <system>.txt file will describe in detail how to do
this; in some of these files, the new version is referred to as
LaTeX2e in order to clearly distinguish it from the old version.
The details of how to do everything in this section will depend to a
very large extent on your TeX implementation.
First you should find the LaTeX format file on your system
(usually called `latex.fmt' or `lplain.fmt') and rename it to
`latex209.fmt'.
You should then save a copy of the LaTeX system files. These may be
kept in a TeX inputs directory or folder, which is usually called
something like one of these:
tex\texinput tex/inputs TeX-inputs
or they may be kept in a separate LaTeX inputs location, possibly a
subdirectory or subfolder of the TeX inputs location, called `latex'.
There are thus two possibilities, depending on whether the LaTeX
inputs have been kept separate from the other TeX inputs or not.
* If the LaTeX inputs are separated from the other TeX inputs, then
you should make a new directory that is a copy of the whole of the
LaTeX inputs directory, and call it `latex209'.
* If the LaTeX inputs are kept with the other TeX inputs, then you
should create a new directory called `latex209' and then copy to it
any file ending with .sty from the LaTeX inputs directory.
It may be possible to run both the new LaTeX and LaTeX 2.09 in
parallel. To do this, you should create a `latex209' command,
or menu entry, that is similar to `latex' except that:
* The `latex209' format is used rather than `latex'.
* The `latex209' directory is searched before the LaTeX inputs
directory.
BEFORE UNPACKING THE DISTRIBUTION
=================================
Latex needs a number of files to run, for example `article.cls'
contains the `article' document class. However, these files are NOT
themselves the source files produced by the LaTeX3 Project Team. We
write documented sources in `docstrip archive files' which can be
unpacked to produce the files that LaTeX needs. For example,
classes.dtx contains the documented sources for all the LaTeX
document classes, including article.cls.
The FIRST thing to do is to check whether you need to unpack these
archive files, as follows.
Before reading any further, you should check to see whether the LaTeX
distribution you have contains the unpacked files. You can do this by
looking to see if you have got the file latex.ltx. If you do, then
you should have all the unpacked files and so you can move on to the
section entitled `Creating the LaTeX format'.
The unpacking will create and write files only into the current
directory (or current folder, or default directory). This helps to
prevent it overwriting existing files or causing problems with your
system files. It is therefore sensible to carry out the installation
in a directory reserved for this purpose; on a multi-user system you
should ensure that you have read and write permissions for files in
this directory.
UNPACKING THE DISTRIBUTION
==========================
The archive files are unpacked by running iniTeX on the file
unpack.ins.
NOTE: On relatively slow computers, this unpacking can take a long
time. On a Macintosh IIfx it takes about 3 hours. On a Macintosh
Duo 230 or a 12MHz 80286 PC it takes about 30 minutes. On a moderately
busy SparcStation 10 or a fast 80486 PC it takes about 5 minutes.
CREATING THE LATEX FORMAT
=========================
To create the LaTeX format, you should run iniTeX on the file
`latex.ltx'.
A hyphenation file such as `hyphen.tex' is read by this run so it
should be accessible by iniTeX. It also needs to be able to read the
`.tfm' font files for the basic fonts. These font files and
hyphenation file(s) should be part of your TeX system.
You should save the resulting format file `latex.fmt' in the TeX
formats directory. You may also have to create and/or install a
program called `latex', a `LaTeX' option to your TeX implementation,
or a batch file or shell script. The details of this stage will
depend on your TeX implementation; note that the name of the format
file differs from that normally used in LaTeX 2.09.
Note: TeX experts may wish to customize LaTeX (for example, to allow
non-American hyphenation). They should read texpert.txt to find out
how to do this.
PUTTING THE FILES WHERE LaTeX CAN READ THEM
===========================================
The next step in the installation of LaTeX is to move the files needed
to run the system into the correct directories (or folders).
These are:
* the directory containing the format files.
* the LaTeX inputs directory, which contains LaTeX system files.
* the MakeIndex inputs directory, which contains MakeIndex files.
You should move to the formats directory:
* latex.fmt.
You should move to the LaTeX input directory the files:
* latexbug.tex, testpage.tex, l