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getopt
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1992-07-21
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/* C.Getopt: Command argument parser */
/* Getopt for GNU.
* Copyright (C) 1987 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
* Subject to the standard Gnu conditions.
*/
/* This version of `getopt' appears to the caller like standard Unix 'getopt'
* but it behaves differently for the user, since it allows the user
* to intersperse the options with the other arguments.
*
* As 'getopt' works, it permutes the elements of 'argv' so that,
* when it is done, all the options precede everything else. Thus
* all application programs are extended to handle flexible argument order.
*
* Setting the environment variable POSIX_OPTION_ORDER disables permutation.
* Then the behavior is completely standard.
*
* GNU application programs can use a third alternative mode in which
* they can distinguish the relative order of options and other arguments.
*/
/* Converted for ANSI C on the Archimedes, Paul Moore, 25/04/89 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "utils.h"
/* For communication from 'getopt' to the caller.
When 'getopt' finds an option that takes an argument,
the argument value is returned here.
Also, when 'ordering' is RETURN_IN_ORDER,
each non-option ARGV-element is returned here.
*/
char *optarg = 0;
/* Index in ARGV of the next element to be scanned.
This is used for communication to and from the caller
and for communication between successive calls to 'getopt'.
On entry to 'getopt', zero means this is the first call; initialize.
When 'getopt' returns EOF, this is the index of the first of the
non-option elements that the caller should itself scan.
Otherwise, 'optind' communicates from one call to the next
how much of ARGV has been scanned so far.
*/
int optind = 0;
/* The next char to be scanned in the option-element
in which the last option character we returned was found.
This allows us to pick up the scan where we left off.
If this is zero, or a null string, it means resume the scan
by advancing to the next ARGV-element.
*/
static char *nextchar;
/* Callers store zero here to inhibit the error message
for unrecognized options.
*/
int opterr = 1;
/* Describe how to deal with options that follow non-option ARGV-elements.
REQUIRE_ORDER means don't recognize them as options. Stop option
processing when the first non-option is seen. This is what Unix does.
Using ':' as the first character of the list of option characters
requests this mode of operation.
PERMUTE is the default. We permute the contents of 'argv' as we scan,
so that eventually all the options are at the end. This allows options
to be given in any order, even with programs that were not written to
expect this.
RETURN_IN_ORDER is an option available to programs that were written
to expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element
as if it were the argument of an option with character code zero.
Using '-' as the first character of the list of option characters
requests this mode of operation.
The special argument '--' forces an end of option-scanning regardless
of the value of 'ordering'. In the case of RETURN_IN_ORDER, only
'--' can cause 'getopt' to return EOF with 'optind' != ARGC.
*/
static enum { REQUIRE_ORDER, PERMUTE, RETURN_IN_ORDER } ordering;
/* Handle permutation of arguments. */
/* Describe the part of ARGV that contains non-options that have
been skipped. 'first_nonopt' is the index in ARGV of the first
of them; 'last_nonopt' is the index after the last of them.
*/
static int first_nonopt;
static int last_nonopt;
/* Exchange two adjacent subsequences of ARGV.
One subsequence is elements [first_nonopt,last_nonopt) which
contains all the non-options that have been skipped so far.
The other is elements [last_nonopt,optind), which contains all
the options processed since those non-options were skipped.
'first_nonopt' and 'last_nonopt' are relocated so that they describe
the new indices of the non-options in ARGV after they are moved.
*/
static void exchange (char *argv[])
{
int nonopts_size = (last_nonopt - first_nonopt) * sizeof (char *);
char **temp = (char **) malloc (nonopts_size);
if ( temp == NULL )
{
fprintf(stderr,"Fatal error - memory exhausted\n");
exit(1);
}
/* Interchange the two blocks of data in argv. */
memcpy (temp, &argv[first_nonopt], nonopts_size);
memcpy (&argv[first_nonopt], &argv[last_nonopt],
(optind - last_nonopt) * sizeof (char *));
memcpy (&argv[first_nonopt + optind - last_nonopt], temp,
nonopts_size);
/* Update records for the slots the non-options now occupy. */
first_nonopt += (optind - last_nonopt);
last_nonopt = optind;
free(temp);
}
/* Scan elements of ARGV (whose length is ARGC) for option characters
given in OPTSTRING.
If an element of ARGV starts with '-', and is not exactly "-" or "--",
then it is an option element. The characters of this element
(aside from the initial '-') are option characters. If 'getopt'
is called repeatedly, it returns successively each of the option
characters from each of the option elements.
If 'getopt' finds another option character, it returns that character,
updating 'optind' and 'nextchar' so that the next call to 'getopt' can
resume the scan with the following option character or ARGV-element.
If there are no more option characters, 'getopt' returns 'EOF'.
Then 'optind' is the index in ARGV of the first ARGV-element
that is not an option. (The ARGV-elements have been permuted
so that those that are not options now come last.)
OPTSTRING is a string containing the legitimate option characters.
A colon in OPTSTRING means that the previous character is an option
that wants an argument. The argument is taken from the rest of the
current ARGV-element, or from the following ARGV-element,
and returned in 'optarg'.
If an option character is seen that is not listed in OPTSTRING,
return '?' after printing an error message. If you set 'opterr' to
zero, the error message is suppressed but we still return '?'.
If a char in OPTSTRING is followed by a colon, that means it wants
an arg, so the following text in the same ARGV-element, or the text
of the following ARGV-element, is returned in 'optarg. Two colons
mean an option that wants an optional arg; if there is text in the
current ARGV-element, it is returned in 'optarg'.
If OPTSTRING starts with '-' or ':', it requests a different method
of handling the non-option ARGV-elements. See the comments about
RETURN_IN_ORDER and REQUIRE_ORDER, above.
*/
int getopt (int argc, char *argv[], const char *optstring)
{
/* Initialize the internal data when the first call is made.
Start processing options with ARGV-element 1 (since ARGV-element
0 is the program name); the sequence of previously skipped
non-option ARGV-elements is empty.
*/
if (optind == 0)
{
first_nonopt = last_nonopt = optind = 1;
nextchar = 0;
/* Determine how to handle the ordering of options and nonoptions. */
if (optstring[0] == '-')
ordering = RETURN_IN_ORDER;
else if (optstring[0] == ':')
ordering = REQUIRE_ORDER;
else
ordering = PERMUTE;
}
if (optind < last_nonopt)
return EOF;
if (nextchar == 0 || *nextchar == 0)
{
if (ordering == PERMUTE)
{
/* If we have just processed some options following
some non-options, exchange them so that the options
come first.
*/
if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt && last_nonopt != optind)
exchange (argv);
else if (last_nonopt != optind)
first_nonopt = optind;
/* Now skip any additional non-options and
extend the range of non-options previously
skipped.
*/
whi