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The Datafile PD-CD 5
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Tutorial
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1993-04-02
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KO II Read Only Version
=======================
COPYRIGHT NOTICE: This Read Only version of KO II is NOT public domain. The
copyright of the program resides with Clares Micro Supplies. However, you
may distribute the program with your own files for non commercial
applications. If you wish to sell your files and use the read only version
then you must obtain a licence from Clares in order to do this. You must
also supply this file with the program together with the KO II file
"Quotes" supplied on the master disc.
Getting Started
===============
These instructions take the form of a simple search tutorial using the
file "Quotes' supplied with KO II. We simply show you the program, and how
it works. At this point you should be looking at the directory display
holding the KO II application.
Load the KO II icon onto the icon bar in the usual RISC OS manner - a double
click of the Select button on the KO II application.
Next display and drag the file icon "Quotes" onto the KO II icon on the icon
bar. A window should open, headed "Selection of Humorous Quotations". Quotes
is a KO II Subject or file. It is an unusually short file, designed simply
to demonstrate the program. It contains about eighty quotations, with
referencing data which allows you to find these quickly.
The word Subject will be used throughout this tutorial to refer to a body of
related data filed together and accessed using KO II. A Subject could be
anything from "My last voyage around the world" to "Correspondence from
America".
LINKER WINDOW
=============
The Linker window is the central KO II window and appears with every KO II
Subject. The main KO II menu will appear if you place the mouse pointer
anywhere on it, and then click the Menu button. Remember the term Linker
window as it is very important - this window links all the data together.
The two white rectangles on the Linker window are fields - areas where data
is typed and displayed. These two Linker fields - Context and Source - are
standard with all KO II Subjects, but a varying number of optional fields
may be added when setting up a Subject. To show you what these two standard
fields do, we merely need to look at one of the quotations filed in Quotes.
Click on the "Goto" button on the Linker window. A small dialogue box
appears headed Goto text item. Below, you will see the figure 1. Change this
to 10, and then click on OK. Immediately, the KO II Text window will open,
displaying Joseph Heller's celebrated explanation of Catch-22.
CONTEXT CODES
=============
KO II is designed specifically to file economically, and then quickly find,
text items such as this. Read this item if you wish. From now on we use the
term text item or item to refer to these pieces of text.
Now look at the Context field in the Linker window. You will see a string of
codes, separated by the slash character: C22/WAR/MI/USA. These are Context
codes, each of them stating one of the main ideas under which the Catch-22
item has been filed. Items are most quickly found in KO II by searching this
field for a code representing the area of interest that you want to recall.
What do these four codes represent? Three are perhaps fairly obvious - C22,
WAR, USA. But what does MI mean?
To find out, bring up the main menu by clicking the Menu button with the
pointer anywhere in the Linker window. Then click on the menu option
Contexts. Immediately another window will appear, the Contexts window.
This window displays all the key ideas or Contexts under which the text
items in a Subject are filed. A separate menu - the Contexts menu - will
appear on this window if you press Menu with the pointer in the Window.
We want to find out what MI means. As the codes are arranged in alphabetical
order, we could simply scroll the Contexts window. However, let's instead
get KO II to find the code for us. Bring up the Contexts menu and choose
"Search" by moving the mouse pointer onto the small arrow to its right.
Immediately the Contexts Search dialogue box opens. It allows you to search
in any of four fields.
As we know the code (MI) and want to find out what it means, simply type MI
into the Code field and click on the Go button.
Immediately the Contexts window will scroll to display the code MI at the
top - and you will see that it means "mental instability". The Catch- 22
item has been filed with this code in the Linker window, because the
definition of Catch-22 involves the concept of 'craziness'. Many humorous
quotations refer to this idea, and use of this code in the Context field
means that all such quotations can be quickly collated.
What we have learned so far:
1 KO II is designed to file and then find text items;
2 Each item filed is accompanied by a string of Context codes which
appears in the Contexts field of the Linker window;
3 This field can be quickly searched to locate items;
4 Every Context code is explained in the scrolling Contexts
window, and can be found by doing a search from the Contexts menu.
Why not simply reference the text item using words selected from the item
itself ? Hopefully, the code WAR will be a sufficient explanation. Although
Heller's novel is about the irrationality of war, and Catch-22 has
essentially to do with war, the word war does not occur in this quite
central excerpt from the book. This will be true of almost any important
piece of text: language is so rich, so full of synonyms, so capable of
implicit meaning, that the facility to reference text by external codes or
keywords is essential if we are to collate all related items. However, KO II
keeps an index as well, which can be used to identify an item's explicit
content during the filing process.
Why use codes instead of full words or phrases ? To economise. All other
quotations in this Subject which relate to mental instability are also coded
MI, but the explanation of MI occurs only once - in the Contexts list. No
other code will occur which has the same meaning. So, a search for the code
MI will collate all of these items.
Longer text items are likely to contain a large number of key points which
require storing as Context codes. The use of codes rather than words makes
it possible to file these longer items economically.
Context codes, then, relate to the contexts, or circumstances, in which you
may later be looking for the item. USA was used, for example, to indicate
the possibility of recovering all quotes originating in the United States of
America. A Context can be any connection, however personal, between the text
item and your need to recall it for any reason.
SOURCE FIELD
============
Look at the Source field in the Linker window, which contains the code JH.
To confirm that this stands for Joseph Heller, bring up the main KO II menu
once more and click on Sources. Immediately the Sources window will appear.
This window does for the Sources what the Contexts window does for the
Contexts - it explains or describes all source codes, displayed in
alphabetical order. When this code has been explained once, it can be used
subsequently any number of times in the Linker, depending on how many Heller
items are filed. The Sources window also has a menu attached, and this too
includes a search option.
Searching for related items
===========================
Let us suppose you now wish to find all quotes
relating to "marriage". Bring up the Contexts window and menu and choose
Search. Type marriage on the Explanation line and click on Go. Immediately
the Contexts window should scroll, to show the code MAR at the top.
Look more closely at the data accompanying this code. The explanation
marriage is followed by two other lines:
Hierarchy: >BMY/MMY
Index words: marri*, marry*, wed
Index words is fairly clear: any of these three words might occur in a text
item relating to marriage. Typing them onto this line enters them in the
index for this Subject, and this index can be used to search a text item in
preparation for filing.
The Hierarchy line tells us that there are two codes relating to marriage
(BMY - bigamy; MMY - monogamy). It also tells us