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1995-10-29
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Battle of Hastings : NOTES FROM VARIOUS SOURCES
King Canute, the Danish King of England, died in 1035 - during his
reign, Edward (the Confessor), was banished and accepted asylum
in Normandy.
During the reign of Hardicanute, he returned to England in 1041 and
became king when Hardicanute died in 1042.
Edward felt affection for the Normans - his mother was a daughter of
Richard I, Duke of Normandy - Edward appointed Normans to positions
of power and influence at court.
This was not to the liking of Godwine, Earl of Wessex
- in 1045 Edward married Edith, Godwine's daughter - in
1051 the Godwine family was exiled for criticising Norman
influence - they returned in 1052.
The Godwine's were more powerful than ever e.g. Godwine demanded
the dismisal of many Normans - Robert of Jumieges, Archbishop of
Canterbury, was replaced by Stigand, Chaplain to Canute - the
pope was annoyed at this - he supported William in his conquest
of England.
Story that Edward had promised his throne to William ?
In 1053 Godwine died and his son Harold became Earl of Wessex.
The Witan - king's council - recognised Harold as heir apparant.
Duke William had 696 ships and about 7,000 soldiers.
Harold had about 7,000 soldiers - only 2,000 of these were his highly
trained housecarls.
(From 'Medieval Realms'. How do they know ?)
At battle, Harold lined his men along Senlac Hill.
William took position on Telham Hill and put his army in 3 divisions :
- Count Alan of Brittany took the left wing.
- Eustace of Boulogne, with his French and Flemish soldiers,
took the right wing.
- William took the centre.
- archers were placed in front, then infantry, then horse.
A History of Sussex.
p.49.
'The victory was absolute. The conflict of perhaps 30,000 men, during
8 hours, and at a total cost of a few thousand casualties, set England
on a new course...'
note : (sources for the battle)
William of Poitiers and William of Jumieges were both alive at the time
of the battle and wrote their stories in the early 1070's. Poitiers, who
was chaplain to the duke, had been a soldier earlier in life.
(see Sources1 and Sources2 files)