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-
-
-
- LS(1L) LS(1L)
-
-
- NNAAMMEE
- ls, dir, vdir - list contents of directories
-
- SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
- llss [-abcdfgiklmnpqrstuxABCFGLNQRSUX1] [-w cols] [-T cols]
- [-I pattern] [--all] [--escape] [--directory] [--inode]
- [--kilobytes] [--numeric-uid-gid] [--no-group] [--hide-
- control-chars] [--reverse] [--size] [--width=cols] [--tab-
- size=cols] [--almost-all] [--ignore-backups] [--classify]
- [--file-type] [--full-time] [--ignore=pattern] [--derefer-
- ence] [--literal] [--quote-name] [--recursive]
- [--sort={none,time,size,extension}] [--for-
- mat={long,verbose,commas,across,vertical,single-column}]
- [--time={atime,access,use,ctime,status}] [--help] [--ver-
- sion] [path...]
-
- DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
- This manual page documents the GNU version of llss. ddiirr and
- vvddiirr are versions of llss with different default output for-
- mats. These programs list each given file or directory
- path. Directory contents are sorted alphabetically. For
- llss, files are by default listed in columns, sorted verti-
- cally, if the standard output is a terminal; otherwise
- they are listed one per line. For ddiirr, files are by
- default listed in columns, sorted vertically. For vvddiirr,
- files are by default listed in long format.
-
- OOPPTTIIOONNSS
- _-_a_, _-_-_a_l_l
- List all files in directories, including all files
- that start with `.'.
-
- _-_b_, _-_-_e_s_c_a_p_e
- Quote nongraphic characters in file names using
- alphabetic and octal backslash sequences like those
- used in C.
-
- _-_c_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_c_t_i_m_e_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_s_t_a_t_u_s
- Sort directory contents according to the files'
- status change time instead of the modification
- time. If the long listing format is being used,
- print the status change time instead of the modifi-
- cation time.
-
- _-_d_, _-_-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y
- List directories like other files, rather than
- listing their contents.
-
- _-_f Do not sort directory contents; list them in what-
- ever order they are stored on the disk. The same
- as enabling _-_a and _-_U and disabling _-_l_, _-_s_, and _-_t_.
-
- _-_-_f_u_l_l_-_t_i_m_e
- List times in full, rather than using the standard
-
-
-
- FSF GNU File Utilities 1
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-
-
-
-
- LS(1L) LS(1L)
-
-
- abbreviation heuristics.
-
- _-_g Ignored; for Unix compatibility.
-
- _-_i_, _-_-_i_n_o_d_e
- Print the index number of each file to the left of
- the file name.
-
- _-_k_, _-_-_k_i_l_o_b_y_t_e_s
- If file sizes are being listed, print them in kilo-
- bytes. This overrides the environment variable
- POSIXLY_CORRECT.
-
- _-_l_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_l_o_n_g_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_v_e_r_b_o_s_e
- In addition to the name of each file, print the
- file type, permissions, number of hard links, owner
- name, group name, size in bytes, and timestamp (the
- modification time unless other times are selected).
- For files with a time that is more than 6 months
- old or more than 1 hour into the future, the times-
- tamp contains the year instead of the time of day.
-
- _-_m_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_c_o_m_m_a_s
- List files horizontally, with as many as will fit
- on each line, separated by commas.
-
- _-_n_, _-_-_n_u_m_e_r_i_c_-_u_i_d_-_g_i_d
- List the numeric UID and GID instead of the names.
-
- _-_p Append a character to each file name indicating the
- file type.
-
- _-_q_, _-_-_h_i_d_e_-_c_o_n_t_r_o_l_-_c_h_a_r_s
- Print question marks instead of nongraphic charac-
- ters in file names.
-
- _-_r_, _-_-_r_e_v_e_r_s_e
- Sort directory contents in reverse order.
-
- _-_s_, _-_-_s_i_z_e
- Print the size of each file in 1K blocks to the
- left of the file name. If the environment variable
- POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, 512-byte blocks are used
- instead.
-
- _-_t_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_t_i_m_e
- Sort directory contents by timestamp instead of
- alphabetically, with the newest files listed first.
-
- _-_u_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_a_t_i_m_e_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_a_c_c_e_s_s_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_u_s_e
- Sort directory contents according to the files'
- last access time instead of the modification time.
- If the long listing format is being used, print the
- last access time instead of the modification time.
-
-
-
- FSF GNU File Utilities 2
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-
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-
-
- LS(1L) LS(1L)
-
-
- _-_x_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_a_c_r_o_s_s_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_h_o_r_i_z_o_n_t_a_l
- List the files in columns, sorted horizontally.
-
- _-_A_, _-_-_a_l_m_o_s_t_-_a_l_l
- List all files in directories, except for `.' and
- `..'.
-
- _-_B_, _-_-_i_g_n_o_r_e_-_b_a_c_k_u_p_s
- Do not list files that end with `~', unless they
- are given on the command line.
-
- _-_C_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_v_e_r_t_i_c_a_l
- List files in columns, sorted vertically.
-
- _-_F_, _-_-_c_l_a_s_s_i_f_y
- Append a character to each file name indicating the
- file type. For regular files that are executable,
- append a `*'. The file type indicators are `/' for
- directories, `@' for symbolic links, `|' for FIFOs,
- `=' for sockets, and nothing for regular files.
-
- _-_G_, _-_-_n_o_-_g_r_o_u_p
- Inhibit display of group information in a long for-
- mat directory listing.
-
- _-_L_, _-_-_d_e_r_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e
- List the files linked to by symbolic links instead
- of listing the contents of the links.
-
- _-_N_, _-_-_l_i_t_e_r_a_l
- Do not quote file names.
-
- _-_Q_, _-_-_q_u_o_t_e_-_n_a_m_e
- Enclose file names in double quotes and quote non-
- graphic characters as in C.
-
- _-_R_, _-_-_r_e_c_u_r_s_i_v_e
- List the contents of all directories recursively.
-
- _-_S_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_s_i_z_e
- Sort directory contents by file size instead of
- alphabetically, with the largest files listed
- first.
-
- _-_U_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_n_o_n_e
- Do not sort directory contents; list them in what-
- ever order they are stored on the disk. This
- option is not called _-_f because the Unix llss _-_f
- option also enables _-_a and disables _-_l, _-_s, and _-_t.
- It seems useless and ugly to group those unrelated
- things together in one option. Since this option
- doesn't do that, it has a different name.
-
-
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-
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- FSF GNU File Utilities 3
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- LS(1L) LS(1L)
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-
- _-_X_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n
- Sort directory contents alphabetically by file
- extension (characters after the last `.'); files
- with no extension are sorted first.
-
- _-_1_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_s_i_n_g_l_e_-_c_o_l_u_m_n
- List one file per line.
-
- _-_w_, _-_-_w_i_d_t_h _c_o_l_s
- Assume the screen is _c_o_l_s columns wide. The
- default is taken from the terminal driver if possi-
- ble; otherwise the environment variable CCOOLLUUMMNNSS is
- used if it is set; otherwise the default is 80.
-
- _-_T_, _-_-_t_a_b_s_i_z_e _c_o_l_s
- Assume that each tabstop is _c_o_l_s columns wide. The
- default is 8.
-
- _-_I_, _-_-_i_g_n_o_r_e _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
- Do not list files whose names match the shell pat-
- tern _p_a_t_t_e_r_n unless they are given on the command
- line. As in the shell, an initial `.' in a file-
- name does not match a wildcard at the start of _p_a_t_-
- _t_e_r_n_.
-
- _-_-_h_e_l_p Print a usage message and exit with a non-zero sta-
- tus.
-
- _-_-_v_e_r_s_i_o_n
- Print version information on standard error then
- exit.
-
- BBUUGGSS
- On BSD systems, the _-_s option reports sizes that are half
- the correct values for files that are NFS-mounted from HP-
- UX systems. On HP-UX systems, it reports sizes that are
- twice the correct values for files that are NFS-mounted
- from BSD systems. This is due to a flaw in HP-UX; it also
- affects the HP-UX llss program.
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- FSF GNU File Utilities 4
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