Fresh Fish 5/FreshFish_July-August1994.bin/bbs/dev/ace-2.0.lha/ACE-2.0/docs/a68k.doc

Text File | 1994-01-19 | 30.0 KB | 721 lines

    A68k - a freely distributable assembler for the Amiga

            by Charlie Gibbs

             with special thanks to
        Brian R. Anderson and Jeff Lydiatt

                (Version 2.70 - February 25, 1991)

     Note:  This program is Freely Distributable, as opposed to Public
Domain.  Permission is given to freely distribute this program provided no
fee is charged, and this documentation file is included with the program.

     This assembler is based on Brian R. Anderson's 68000 cross-
assembler published in Dr. Dobb's Journal, April through June 1986.
I have converted it to produce AmigaDOS-format object modules, and
have made many enhancements, such as macros and INCLUDE files.

     My first step was to convert the original Modula-2 code into C.
I did this for two reasons.  First, I had access to a C compiler, but
not a Modula-2 compiler.  Second, I like C better anyway.

     The executable code generator code (GetObjectCode and MergeModes)
is essentially the same as in the original article, aside from its
translation into C.  I have almost completely rewritten the remainder
of the code, however, in order to remove restrictions, add enhancements,
and adapt it to the AmigaDOS environment.  Since the only reference book
available to me was the AmigaDOS Developer's Manual (Bantam, February
1986), this document describes the assembler in terms of that book.


RESTRICTIONS

     Let's get these out of the way first:

      o The verification file (-v) option is not supported.  Diagnostic
    messages always appear on the console.  They also appear in the
    listing file, however (see extensions below).  You can produce
    an error file by redirecting console output to a file - the
    line number counter and final summary are displayed on stderr
    so you can still see what's happening.

      o The file names in the INCLUDE directory list (-i) must be
    separated by commas.  The list may not be enclosed in quotes.

      o Labels assigned by EQUR and REG directives are case-sensitive.

      o Strange things will happen if your source code (including
    INCLUDE files and macro expansions) exceeds 32,766 lines.
    Tough darts.  Break up your source file.  Can you actually
    read that monster?  :-)

      o The following directives are not supported, and will be flagged
    as invalid op-codes:

        OFFSET
        NOPAGE
        LLEN
        PLEN
        NOOBJ
        FAIL
        FORMAT
        NOFORMAT
        MASK2

    I feel that NOPAGE, LLEN, and PLEN should not be defined within
    a source module.  It doesn't make sense to me to have to change
    your program just because you want to print your listings on
    different paper.  The command-line switch "-p" (see below) can
    be used as a replacement for PLEN; setting it to a high value
    (like 32767) is a good substitute for NOPAGE.  The effect of
    LLEN can be obtained by running the listing file through an
    appropriate filter.


EXTENSIONS

     Now for the good stuff:

      o Labels can be any length that will fit onto one source line
    (currently 127 characters maximum).  Since labels are stored
    on the heap, the number of labels that can be processed is
    limited only by available memory.

      o The first character of a label can be '@' if the next character
    is not numeric (this avoids confusion with octal constants).
    This provides compatibility with the Lattice C compiler.

      o Since section data and user macro definitions are stored in
    the symbol table (see above), they too are limited only by
    available memory.  (Actually, there is a hard-coded limit of
    32,767 sections, but I doubt anyone will run into that one.)

      o The only values a label cannot take are the register names -
    A68k can distinguish between the same name used as a label,
    instruction name or directive, macro name, or section name.

      o Section and user macro names appear in the symbol table dump,
    and will also be cross-referenced.  Their names can be the same
    as any label (see above); they will be listed separately.

      o INCLUDEs and macro calls can be nested indefinitely, limited
    only by available memory.  The message "Secondary heap
    overflow - assembly terminated" will be displayed if memory
    is exhausted.  You can increase the size of this heap using
    the -w switch (see below).  Recursive macros are supported;
    recursive INCLUDEs will, of course, result in a loop that
    will be broken only when the heap overflows.

      o The EVEN directive forces alignment on a word (2-byte)
    boundary.  It does the same thing as CNOP 0,2.
    (This one is left over from the original code.)

      o Backward references to labels within the current CODE section
    will be converted to PC-relative addressing with displacement
    if this mode is legal for the instruction.  This feature is
    disabled by the -n switch.

      o If a MOVEM instruction only specifies one register, it is
    converted to the corresponding MOVE instruction.  Instructions
    such as MOVEM D0-D0,label will not be converted, however.
    This feature is disabled by the -n switch.

      o ADD, SUB, and MOVE instructions will be converted to ADDQ,
    SUBQ, and MOVEQ respectively if possible.  Instructions coded
    explicitly (e.g. ADDA or ADDI) will not be converted.  This
    feature is disabled by the -n switch.

      o ADD, CMP, SUB, and MOVE to an address register are converted to
    ADDA, CMPA, SUBA, and MOVEA respectively, unless (for ADD, SUB,
    or MOVE) they have already been converted to quick form.

      o ADD, AND, CMP, EOR, OR, and SUB of an immediate value are
    converted to ADDI, ANDI, CMPI, EORI, ORI, and SUBI respectively
    (unless the address register or quick conversion above has
    already been done).

      o If both operands of a CMP instruction are postincrement mode,
    the instruction is converted to CMPM.

      o Operands of the form 0(An) will be treated as (An) except for
    the MOVEP instruction, which always requires a displacement.
    This feature is disabled by the -n switch.

      o The SECTION directive allows a third parameter.  This can be
    specified as either CHIP or FAST (upper or lower case).  If
    this parameter is present, the hunk will be written with the
    MEMF_CHIP or MEMF_FAST bit set.  This allows you to produce
    "pre-ATOMized" object modules.

      o The synonyms DATA and BSS are accepted for SECTION directives
    starting data or BSS hunks.  The CHIP and FAST options (see
    above) can also be used, e.g. BSS name,CHIP.

      o The following synonyms have been implemented for compatibility
    with the Aztec assembler:
        CSEG is treated the same as CODE or SECTION name,CODE
        DSEG is treated the same as DATA or SECTION name,DATA
        PUBLIC is treated as either XDEF or XREF, depending on
            whether or not the symbol in question has been
            defined in the current source module.
            A single PUBLIC directive can name a mixture
            internally- and externally-defined symbols.

      o The ability to produce Motorola S-records is retained from the
    original code.  The -s switch causes the assembler to produce
    S-format instead of AmigaDOS format.  Relocatable code cannot
    be produced in this format.

      o Error messages consist of three parts.
        The position of the offending line is given as a line
    number within the current module.  If the line is within a
    macro expansion or INCLUDE file, the position of the macro
    call or INCLUDE statement in the outer module is given as
    well.  This process is repeated until the outermost source
    module is reached.
        Next, the offending source line itself is listed.
        Finally, the errors for that line are displayed.  A flag
    (^) is placed under the column where the error was detected.

      o Named local labels are supported.  These work the same as the
    local labels supported by the Metacomco assembler (nnn$) but
    are formed in the same manner as normal labels, except that
    they must be preceded by a backslash (\).

      o The following synonyms have been implemented for compatibility
    with the Assempro assembler:
        ENDIF is treated the same as ENDC
        = is treated the same as EQU
        | is treated the same as ! (logical OR)

      o Quotation marks (") can be used as string delimiters
    as well as apostrophes (').  Any given string must begin
    and end with the same delimiter.  This allows such statements
    as the following:
        MOVEQ    "'",D0
        DC.B    "This is Charlie's assembler."
    Note that you can still define an apostrophe within a string
    delimited by apostrophes if you double it, e.g.
        MOVEQ    '''',D0
        DC.B    'This is Charlie''s assembler.'

      o If any errors are found in the assembly, the object code file
    will be scratched, unless you include the -k (keep) flag on
    the command line.

      o The symbols .A68K, .a68k, .a68K, and .A68k are automatically
    defined as SET symbols having absolute values of 1.
    This enables a source program to determine whether it is
    being assembled by this assembler, and is effectively
    insensitive as to whether or not it is checked in upper case.

      o A zeroth positional macro parameter (\0) is supported.  It
    is replaced by the length of the macro call (B, W, or L,
    defaulting to W).  For instance, given the macro:

        moov    MACRO
            move.\0    \1,\2
            ENDM

    the macro call

            moov.l    d0,d1

    would be expanded as

            move.l    d0,d1

      o If an INCLUDE file doesn't generate any code and no listing
    file is required (including suppression of the listing using
    NOLIST), it won't be read again in pass 2.  The statement
    numbers will be bumped to keep in proper alignment.  This
    can really speed up assemblies that INCLUDE lots of EQUates.

      o The ORG directive is supported.  It works like RORG, except
    that it takes the actual address to be jumped to, rather
    than an offset from the start of the current section.
    The given address must be in the current section.
    As far as A68k is concerned, the only real difference
    between ORG and RORG is that the ORG value must be
    relocatable, while the RORG value must be absolute.

      o Branch (Bcc, including BRA and BSR) instructions will be
    converted to short form if possible.  Shortening a branch
    may bring other branches within range of shortening - this
    can set up a ripple effect, and A68k may not catch all
    branches that could theoretically be optimized.  Any branches
    which A68k misses (there shouldn't be too many under normal
    circumstances) can be displayed by specifying the -f switch
    (see below).  Branch optimization is disabled by the -n switch.

      o The INCBIN directive allows the contents of any file to be
    included in A68k's object code output.  Its format is the same
    as the INCLUDE directive, but the file can contain any data
    at all, printable or not.  Rather than being processed as
    source code by the assembler, the entire contents of the file
    is copied directly to the current position in the object code
    output file with no reformatting whatsoever.  The effect is
    the same as if DC statements whose constants represent the
    file's contents were inserted in place of the INCBIN directive.

      o The opcode TTL is accepted as a synonym for TITLE.

      o A command-line option (-g) causes A68k to treat any undefined
    symbol as XREF.

      o The register list in a MOVEM instruction can be an
    immediate operand which specifies the actual mask bits.


THE SMALL CODE / SMALL DATA MODEL

     Version 2.4 implements a rudimentary small code/data model.
It consists of converting any data reference to one of the following
three addressing modes:

    address register indirect with displacement using a
        specified address register, defaulting to A4
        (for references to the DATA or BSS section)
    program counter indirect with displacement
        (for references to the CODE section)
    absolute word
        (for absolute and 16-bit relocatable values)

These conversions do not take place unless a NEAR directive is
encountered.  The NEAR directive can take one operand, which
must be either an address register or a symbol which has been
equated (using EQUR) to an address register.  Register A7 (SP)
may not be used.  If no register is given, A4 is assumed.

     Conversion is done for all operands until a FAR directive
is encountered.  NEAR and FAR directives can occur any number
of times, enabling conversion to be turned on and off at will.

     Backward references which cannot be converted (e.g. external
labels declared as XREF) will remain as absolute long addressing.
All forward references are assumed to be convertible, since during
pass 1 A68k has no way of telling whether conversion is possible.
If conversion turns out to be impossible, invalid object code will
be generated - an error message ("Invalid forward reference") will
indicate when this occurs.

     Although the small code/data model can greatly reduce the
size of assembled programs, several restrictions apply:

      o Small code and small data models are active simultaneously.
    You can't have one without the other, since during pass 1
    A68k doesn't know whether forward references are to CODE
    or to DATA/BSS.

      o Programs can consist of a maximum of two sections,
    one CODE, the other DATA or BSS.  If you try to define
    a third section, the message "Too many SECTIONs" will
    be displayed.  The NEAR directive is active only within
    the CODE section.

      o While the NEAR directive is active, external labels (XREF)
    must be declared before they are used, CODE section references
    must be with 32K of the current position (i.e. expressible as
    PC-relative), and DATA/BSS section references must be in the
    first 64K of the DATA/BSS section (i.e. expressible as
    address register indirect with displacement).  Any instructions
    which do not satisfy these requirements cannot be detected in
    pass 1, so A68k has no choice but to display an error message
    in pass 2 ("Invalid forward reference") which in this case
    indicates that invalid code has been generated.  To properly
    assemble such instructions, you can temporarily disable
    conversion with a FAR directive, then resume afterwards
    with another NEAR directive.

      o Conversion cannot be done for references between modules.
    All external references must be left as absolute long.

      o A68k assumes that the base register (normally A4) points to
    the start of the DATA/BSS section plus 32768 bytes.  (This
    assumed offset can be changed by the -m command-line parameter.)
    The register must be preloaded with this value before executing
    any code converted by the NEAR directive.  One way to do this
    is to code the instruction that loads the register prior to
    the NEAR directive.  Another way is to use a MOVE.L with
    immediate mode, which is never converted.  Here are examples
    of the two methods:

        LEA    data+32768,a4        NEAR
        NEAR    ;defaults to A4        MOVE.L    #data+32768,a4
        <remainder of code>            <remainder of code>
        BSS                BSS
    data:                data:
        <data areas>            <data areas>
        END                END

     I'll be the first to admit that this is a very crude and ugly
implementation.  I hope to improve it in future versions.


FILES

     A68k uses the following files:

      o The source code file - this file contains the program to be
    assembled.  This file is an ASCII text file whose last line
    must be an END statement.

      o The object code file - this file is created by A68k, replacing
    any previous version which may exist.  If any errors are
    encountered during the assembly, this file will be scratched,
    unless the -k (keep) switch is specified (see below).
    Although this file is normally written in AmigaDOS format,
    the -s switch (see below) will cause it to be written in
    Motorola S-record format instead.

      o The listing file - this file is optionally created by A68k
    and contains a listing complete with page headings (including
    form feeds), generated object code, and error messages if any.
    It is suitable for feeding to a printer.

      o An equate file - this file is optionally created by A68k
    and consists of a leading comment line followed by EQU
    statements, one for each symbol encountered by A68k whose
    value is absolute.  This file is only created if the -e
    command-line switch is specified (see below).

      o A header file - if requested, this file is read by A68k
    immediately prior to the source code file.  It treated
    exactly as if it were requested by an INCLUDE statement
    at the front of the source file, but is selected only if
    the -h command-line switch is specified (see below).

      o Include files are selected by INCLUDE directives within the
    source file, and are inserted in the source code in place
    of the INCLUDE directive itself.  A68k first searches the
    current directory for INCLUDE files; the -i command-line
    switch (see below) specifies additional directories which
    can be searched.


FILE NAMES

     The names of the above files can be explicitly specified.
However, A68k will generate default file names in the following cases:

      o If the -o switch is omitted, a default name will be assigned
    to the object code file.

      o If the -e switch is specified with no file name, a default
    name will be assigned to the equate file.

      o If the -l or -x switch is specified with no file name, a
    default name will be assigned to the listing file.

A default name is generated by deriving a stem name from the source
code file name, and appending .o for an object code file name (.s
if the -s switch is specified to produce Motorola S-records), .equ
for an equate file name, or .lst for a listing file name.  The stem
name consists of all characters of the source file name up to the
last period (or the entire source file name if it contains no period).
Here are some examples:
                           Default names
            --------------------------------------------
    Source file    Object file    Equate file    Listing file
    -----------    -----------    -----------    ------------
    myprog.asm    myprog.o    myprog.equ    myprog.lst
    myprog        myprog.o    myprog.equ    myprog.lst
    new.prog.asm    new.prog.o    new.prog.equ    new.prog.lst


HOW TO USE A68k

     The command-line syntax to run the assembler is as follows:

    a68k <source file name>
         [<object file name>]
         [<listing file name>]
        [-d[[!]<prefix>]]
        [-e[<equate file name>]]
        [-f]
        [-g]
        [-h<header file name>]
        [-i<INCLUDE directory list>]
        [-k]
        [-l[<listing file name>]]
        [-m<small data offset>]
        [-n]
        [-o<object file name>]
        [-p<page depth>]
        [-q[<quiet interval>]]
        [-s]
        [-t]
        [-w[<hash table size>][,<secondary heap size>]]
        [-x[<listing file name>]]
        [-y]
        [-z[<debug start line>][,<debug end line>]]

These options can be given in any order.  Any parameter which is not
a switch (denoted by a leading hyphen) is assumed to be a file name;
up to three file names (assumed to be source, object, and listing file
names respectively) can be given.  A source file name is always required.
If a switch is being given a value, that value must immediately follow
the switch letter with no intervening spaces.  For instance, to specify
a page depth of 40 lines, the specification "-p40" should be used;
"-p 40" will be rejected.

Switches perform the following actions:

     -d causes symbol table entries (hunk_symbol) to be written
    to the object module for the use of symbolic debuggers.
    If the switch is followed by a string of characters, only
    those symbols beginning with that prefix string will be
    written.  This can be used to suppress internal symbols
    generated by compilers.  If the first character is an
    exclamation mark (!), only symbols which do NOT begin
    with the following characters are written out.

    Here are some examples:

        -d    writes all symbols
        -dabc    writes only symbols beginning with "abc"
        -d!x    writes symbols which do not begin with "x"

     -e causes an equate file (see above) to be produced.  A file
    name can be specified; otherwise a default name will be used.

     -f causes any branches (Bcc, BRA, BSR) that could be converted
    to short form to be flagged.  A68k will convert as many
    branches as possible to short form (unless the -n switch is
    is specified), but certain combinations of instructions may
    set up a ripple effect where shortening one branch brings
    another one into range.  This switch will cause A68k to
    flag any branches that it may have missed; during pass 2
    it is possible to tell this, although during pass 1 it might
    not be.  If the -n switch (see below) is specified along
    with this switch (suppressing all optimization), no branches
    will be shortened, but all branches which could be shortened
    will be flagged.

     -g causes any undefined symbols to be treated as if they were
    externally defined (XREF), rather than being flagged as errors.

     -h causes a header file to be read prior to the source code file.
    A file name must be given.  The action is the same as if the
    first statement of the source file were an INCLUDE statement
    naming the header file.  To find the header file, the same
    directories will be searched as for INCLUDE files (see the
    -i switch below).

     -i specifies directories to be searched for INCLUDE files in
    addition to the current directory.  Several names, separated
    by commas, may be specified.  No embedded blanks are allowed.
    For example, the specification

        -imylib,df1:another.lib

    will cause INCLUDE files to be searched for first in the
    current directory, then in "mylib", then in "df1:another.lib".

     -k causes the object file to be kept even if any errors were
    found.  Otherwise, it will be scratched if any errors occur.

     -l causes a listing file to be produced.  If you want the listing
    file to include a symbol table dump and cross-reference, use
    the -x switch instead (see below).

     -m changes the assumed offset from the start of the DATA/BSS
    section to the base register used when the small code /
    small data option is activated by the NEAR directive.
    If this parameter is not specified, the offset defaults
    to 32768.

     -n causes all object code optimization (see above) to be disabled.

     -o allows the default name for the object code file (see above)
    to be overridden.

     -p causes the page depth to be set to the specified value.
    This takes the place of the PLEN directive in the Metacomco
    assembler.  Page depth defaults to 60 lines (-p60).

     -q changes the interval at which A68k displays the line number
    it has reached in its progress through the assembly.  The
    default is to display every 100 lines (-q100).  Specifying
    larger values reduces console I/O, making assemblies run
    slightly faster.

    If you specify a negative number (e.g.     -q-10), line numbers
    will be displayed at an interval equal to the absolute value
    of the specified number, but will be given as positions
    within the current module (source, macro, or INCLUDE) rather
    than as a total statement count - the module name will also
    be displayed.

    A special case is the value zero (-q0 or just -q) - this
    will cause all console output, except for error messages,
    to be suppressed.

     -s causes the object file to be written in Motorola S-record
    format, rather than AmigaDOS format.  The default name for
    an S-record file ends with ".s" rather than ".o"; this can
    still be overridden with the -o switch, though.

     -t allows tabs in the source file to be passed through to the
    listing file, rather than being expanded.  In addition, tabs
    will be generated in the listing file to skip from the object
    code to the source statement, etc.  This can greatly reduce
    the size of the listing file, as well as making it quicker to
    produce.  Do not use this option if you will be displaying or
    listing the list file on a device which does not assume a tab
    stop at every 8th position.

     -w specifies the sizes of fixed memory areas that A68k allocates
    for its own use.  You should normally never have to specify
    this switch, but it may be useful for tuning.

    The first parameter gives the number of entries that the hash
    table (used for searching the symbol table) will contain.
    The default value of 2047 should be enough for all but the
    very largest programs.  The assembly will not fail if this
    value is too small, but may slow down if too many long hash
    chains must be searched.  The hashing statistics displayed by
    the -y switch (see below) can be used to tune this parameter.
    I've heard that you should really specify a prime number for
    this parameter, but I haven't gone into hashing theory enough
    to know whether it's actually necessary.

    The second parameter of the -w switch specifies the size (in
    bytes) of the secondary heap, which is used to store nested
    macro and INCLUDE file information (see below).  It defaults
    to 1024, which should be enough unless you use very deeply
    nested macros and/or INCLUDE files with long path names.

    You can specify either or both parameters.  For example:

        -w4093       secondary heap size remains at 1024 bytes
        -w,2000      hash table size remains at 2047 entries
        -w4093,2000  increases the size of both areas

    If you're really tight for memory, and are assembling small
    modules, you can use this switch to shrink these areas below
    their default sizes.  At the end of an assembly, a message
    will be displayed giving the sizes actually used, in the form
    of the -w command you would have to enter to allocate that much
    space.  This is primarily useful to see how much secondary
    heap space was used.

    NOTE: All other memory used by A68k (e.g. the actual symbol
    table) is allocated as required (currently in 8K chunks).

     -x works the same as -l (see above), except that a symbol table
    dump, including cross-reference information, will be added
    to the end of the listing file.

     -y causes hashing statistics to be displayed at the end of the
    assembly.  First the number of symbols in the table is given,
    followed by a summary of hash chains by length.  Chains with
    length zero denote unused hash table entries.  Ideally (i.e.
    if there were no collisions) there should be as many chains
    with length 1 as there are symbols, and there should be no
    chains of length 2 or greater.  I added this option to help
    me tune my hashing algorithm, but you can also use it to see
    whether you should allocate a larger hash table (using the
    first parameter of the -w switch, see above).

     -z was provided to help debug A68k itself.  It causes A68k to
    list a range of source lines, complete with line number and
    current location counter value, during both passes.  Lines
    are listed immediately after they have been read from the
    source file, before any processing occurs.

    Here are some examples of the -z switch:

        -z        lists all source lines
        -z100,200    lists lines 100 through 200
        -z100        lists all lines starting at 100
        -z,100        lists the first 100 lines


TECHNICAL INFORMATION

     The actual symbol table entries (pointed to by the hash table,
colliding entries are linked together) are stored in 8K chunks which
are allocated as required.  The first entry of each chunk is reserved
as a link to the next chunk (or NULL in the last chunk) - this makes
it easy to find all the chunks to free them when we're finished.  All
symbol table entries are stored in pass 1.  During pass 2, cross-
reference table entries are built in the same group of chunks,
immediately following the last symbol table entry.  Additional chunks
will continue to be linked in if necessary.

     Symbol names and macro text are stored in another series of linked
chunks.  These chunks consist of a link pointer followed by strings
(terminated by nulls) laid end to end.  Symbols are independent entries,
linked from the corresponding symbol table entry.  Macros are stored as
consecutive strings, one per line - the end of the macro is indicated by
an ENDM statement.  If a macro spans two chunks, the last line in the
original chunk is followed by a newline character to indicate that the
macro is continued in the next chunk.

     Relocation information is built during pass 2 in yet another
series of linked chunks.  If more than one chunk is needed to hold one
section's relocation information, all additional chunks are released
at the end of the section.

     The secondary heap is built from both ends, and it grows and
shrinks according to how many macros and INCLUDE files are currently
open.  At all times there will be at least one entry on the heap, for
the original source code file.  The expression parser also uses the
secondary heap to store its working stacks - this space is freed as
soon as an expression has been evaluated.
     The bottom of the heap holds the names of the source code file
and any macro or INCLUDE files that are currently open.  The full path
is given.  A null string is stored for user macros.  Macro arguments
are stored by additional strings, one for each argument in the macro
call line.  All strings are stored in minimum space, similar to the
labels and user macro text on the primary heap.  File names are
pointed to by the fixed table entries (see below) - macro arguments
are accessed by stepping past the macro name to the desired argument,
unless NARG would be exceeded.
     The fixed portion of the heap is built down from the top.  Each
entry occupies 16 bytes.  Enough information is stored to return to
the proper position in the outer file once the current macro or
INCLUDE file has been completely processed.
     The diagram below illustrates the layout of the secondary heap.

    Heap2 + maxheap2 ----------->  ___________________________
                      |                  |
                      |   Input file table      |
    struct InFCtl *InF ---------> |___________________________|
                      |                  |
                      |   Parser operator stack      |
    struct OpStack *Ops --------> |___________________________|
                      |                  |
                      |   (unused space)      |
    struct TermStack *Term -----> |___________________________|
                      |                  |
                      |   Parser term stack      |
    char *NextFNS --------------> |___________________________|
                      |                  |
                      |   Input file name stack      |
    char *Heap2 ----------------> |___________________________|

     The "high-water mark" for NextFNS is stored in char *High2,
and the "low-water mark" (to stretch a metaphor) for InF is stored
in struct InFCtl *LowInF.  These figures are used only to determine
the maximum heap usage.


AND FINALLY...

     Please send me any bug reports, flames, etc.  I can be reached
on Mind Link (604/533-2312), at any meeting of the Commodore
Computer Club / Panorama (PAcific NORthwest AMiga Association),
or via Jeff Lydiatt or Larry Phillips.  I don't have the time
or money to live on Compuserve or BIX, but my Usenet address is
[e-mail] (...uunet!van-bc!rsoft!mindlink!a218).


                Charlie Gibbs
                2121 Rindall Avenue
                Port Coquitlam, B.C.
                Canada
                V3C 1T9