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LaTeX Document
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1993-05-17
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813 lines
% \iffalse meta-comment
% Copyright (C) 1989-1992 by Frank Mittelbach. All rights reserved.
% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
% You are not allowed to change this file. You may however copy this
% file to a file with a different name and then change the copy.
% You are NOT ALLOWED to distribute this file alone. You are NOT
% ALLOWED to take money for the distribution or use of this file (or a
% changed version) except for a nominal charge for copying etc.
% You are allowed to distribute this file under the condition that it is
% distributed together with all files mentioned in readme.mz6.
% If you receive only some of these files from someone, complain!
% However, if these files are distributed by established suppliers as
% part of a complete TeX distribution, and the structure of the
% distribution would make it difficult to distribute the whole set of
% files, *those parties* are allowed to distribute only some of the
% files provided that it is made clear that the user will get a complete
% distribution-set upon request to that supplier (not me). Notice that
% this permission is not granted to the end user.
% For error reports in case of UNCHANGED versions see readme files.
% \fi
\def\filename{ftnright}
\def\fileversion{v1.0d}
\def\filedate{92/06/19}
\def\docdate {92/06/19}
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% \renewcommand{\.}{\penalty500} %^^A for certain breaks
% \title{Footnotes in a multi-column layout\thanks
% {The \LaTeX{} style option {\tt \filename} which is described
% in this article has the version number \fileversion{} dated
% \filedate. The documentation was last revised on \docdate.}}
% \author{Frank Mittelbach\\
% Electronic Data Systems (Deutschland) GmbH\\
% Eisenstra\ss e 56 N15\\
% D-6090 R\"usselsheim}
% \maketitle
% \pageshrink 1pt %^^A compensate for the \thanks marker
% \section{Introduction}
% The placement of footnotes in a multi-column layout always bothered
% me. The approach taken by \LaTeX{} (i.e., placing the footnotes
% separately under each column) might be all right if nearly no
% footnotes are present. But it looks clumsy when both columns contain
% footnotes, especially when they occupy different amounts of space.
% In the multi-column style option~\cite{art:FMi89b}, I used page-wide
% footnotes at the bottom of the page, but again the result doesn't
% look very pleasant since short footnotes produce undesired gaps of
% white space. Of course, the main goal of this style option was a
% balancing algorithm for columns which would allow switching between
% different numbers of columns on the same page. With this feature,
% the natural place for footnotes seems to be the bottom of the
% page\footnote{You can not use column footnotes at the bottom, since
% the number of columns can differ on one page.} but looking at some
% of the results it seems best to avoid footnotes in such a layout
% entirely.
% Another possibility is to turn footnotes into endnotes, i.e.,
% printing them at the end of every chapter or the end of the entire
% document. But I assume everyone who has ever read a book using such
% a layout will agree with me, that it is a pain to search back and
% forth, so that the reader is tempted to ignore the endnotes
% entirely.
% When I wrote the article about ``Future extensions of
% \TeX{}''~\cite{inproc:FMi90} I was again dissatisfied with the
% outcome of the footnotes, and since this article should show certain
% aspects of high quality typesetting, I decided to give the footnote
% problem a try and modified the \LaTeX{} output routine for this
% purpose. The layout I used was inspired by the yearbook of the
% Gutenberg Gesellschaft Mainz \cite{book:GG}. Later on, I found that
% it is also recommended by Jan White \cite{book:JWh88}. On the layout
% of footnotes I also consulted books by Jan Tschichold
% \cite{book:JTs87} and Manfred Simoneit \cite{book:MSi89}, books, I
% would recommend to everyone being able to read German texts.
% \subsection{Description of the new layout}
% The result of this effort is presented in this paper and the reader
% can judge for himself whether it was successful or
% not.\footnote{Please note, that this option only changed the
% placement of footnotes. Since this article also makes use of the
% {\tt doc} option \cite{art:fmi89a}, that assigns tiny numbers to
% code lines sprincled throughout the text, the resulting design is
% not perfect.} The main idea for this layout is to assemble the
% footnotes of all columns on a page and place them all together at
% the bottom of the right column. Allowing