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HST_uvv_E.txt
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1994-08-16
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Blue and far-ultraviolet (FUV) images of Jupiter taken with the Wide
Field Planetary Camera-2 (WFPC-2) on NASA's Hubble Space Telescope show
how the appearance of the planet and of comet Shoemaker-Levy-9 impact
sites differ at these two wavelengths (1400-2100 and 3100-3600
Angstroms). The images, taken 20 minutes apart on 17 July 1994 (around
19:00 UT), show the impact sites on the south hemisphere, from left to
right, of comet fragments C, A and E about 12, 23, and 4 hours after
each collision. Jupiter's satellite Io is seen crossing above the
center of the disk.
In both colors the planet is seen in sunlight reflected by the
atmosphere. The visible light penetrates to the top of the cloud decks,
but the FUV light only reaches the stratosphere and higher altitude
levels (100's of kilometers above the cloud tops). In the FUV, the
signatures of trace amounts of ultraviolet absorbing gases and haze in
the Jovian stratosphere and higher levels are observed. Around the
poles the atmosphere appears dark due the presence of hazes, and in
addition, ultraviolet auroral emissions are observed. These emissions
are produced when energetic charged particles from the magnetosphere
collide with molecular hydrogen in the upper atmosphere. Low-contrast
banded structure is seen across the disk in the FUV. The salt-pepper
appearance of Jupiter in the FUV is due to the darkness of the planet
at this wavelength.
In the visible image, the impact sites appear as localized dark spots
with diffuse halos. In the ultraviolet the impact regions appear
darker and more extended, because the FUV is more sensitive to smaller
amounts of particles, and/or that the horizontal winds in the upper
atmospheric levels may be faster. The dark appearance is due to
presence of enhanced amounts UV absorbing molecules, scattering hazes
and dust. This material should be combination of gases from Jupiter's
lower atmosphere as well as comet volatiles and impact by-products
upwelled and deposited into the stratosphere and thermosphere.
Material should also have been deposited from ablation of the
fragments and dust during entry. Tracking the motions with WFPC-2 FUV
images of the dark comet fragment "clouds" throughout the impact period
should reveal for the first time the magnitude and direction of the
high altitude winds on Jupiter. The Jovian auroral emissions will also
be monitored with both WFPC-2 and the Faint Object Camera (FOC) to
determine if the associated processes are affected by the comet's
passage through the magnetosphere or changes in the upper atmosphere.
Credit: Hubble Space Telescope Jupiter Imaging Team