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GNU Info File
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1994-11-12
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This is Info file make.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.55 from the input
file ./make.texinfo.
This file documents the GNU Make utility, which determines
automatically which pieces of a large program need to be recompiled,
and issues the commands to recompile them.
This is Edition 0.47, last updated 1 November 1994, of `The GNU Make
Manual', for `make', Version 3.72 Beta.
Copyright (C) 1988, '89, '90, '91, '92, '93, '94 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
permission notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.
File: make.info, Node: Directory Variables, Prev: Command Variables, Up: Makefile Conventions
Variables for Installation Directories
======================================
Installation directories should always be named by variables, so it
is easy to install in a nonstandard place. The standard names for these
variables are as follows.
These two variables set the root for the installation. All the other
installation directories should be subdirectories of one of these two,
and nothing should be directly installed into these two directories.
`prefix'
A prefix used in constructing the default values of the variables
listed below. The default value of `prefix' should be `/usr/local'
(at least for now).
`exec_prefix'
A prefix used in constructing the default values of some of the
variables listed below. The default value of `exec_prefix' should
be `$(prefix)'.
Generally, `$(exec_prefix)' is used for directories that contain
machine-specific files (such as executables and subroutine
libraries), while `$(prefix)' is used directly for other
directories.
Executable programs are installed in one of the following
directories.
`bindir'
The directory for installing executable programs that users can
run. This should normally be `/usr/local/bin', but write it as
`$(exec_prefix)/bin'.
`sbindir'
The directory for installing executable programs that can be run
from the shell, but are only generally useful to system
administrators. This should normally be `/usr/local/sbin', but
write it as `$(exec_prefix)/sbin'.
`libexecdir'
The directory for installing executable programs to be run by other
programs rather than by users. This directory should normally be
`/usr/local/libexec', but write it as `$(exec_prefix)/libexec'.
Data files used by the program during its execution are divided into
categories in two ways.
* Some files are normally modified by programs; others are never
normally modified (though users may edit some of these).
* Some files are architecture-independent and can be shared by all
machines at a site; some are architecture-dependent and can be
shared only by machines of the same kind and operating system;
others may never be shared between two machines.
This makes for six different possibilities. However, we want to
discourage the use of architecture-dependent files, aside from of object
files and libraries. It is much cleaner to make other data files
architecture-independent, and it is generally not hard.
Therefore, here are the variables makefiles should use to specify
directories:
`datadir'
The directory for installing read-only architecture independent
data files. This should normally be `/usr/local/share', but write
it as `$(prefix)/share'. As a special exception, see `$(infodir)'
and `$(includedir)' below.
`sysconfdir'
The directory for installing read-only data files that pertain to a
single machine-that is to say, files for configuring a host.
Mailer and network configuration files, `/etc/passwd', and so
forth belong here. All the files in this directory should be
ordinary ASCII text files. This directory should normally be
`/usr/local/etc', but write it as `$(prefix)/etc'.
Do not install executables in this directory (they probably belong
in `$(libexecdir)' or `$(sbindir))'. Also do not install files
that are modified in the normal course of their use (programs
whose purpose is to change the configuration of the system
excluded). Those probably belong in `$(localstatedir)'.
`sharedstatedir'
The directory for installing architecture-independent data files
which the programs modify while they run. This should normally be
`/usr/local/com', but write it as `$(prefix)/com'.
`localstatedir'
The directory for installing data files which the programs modify
while they run, and that pertain to one specific machine. Users
should never need to modify files in this directory to configure
the package's operation; put such configuration information in
separate files that go in `datadir' or `$(sysconfdir)'.
`$(localstatedir)' should normally be `/usr/local/var', but write
it as `$(prefix)/var'.
`libdir'
The directory for object files and libraries of object code. Do
not install executables here, they probably belong in
`$(libexecdir)' instead. The value of `libdir' should normally be
`/usr/local/lib', but write it as `$(exec_prefix)/lib'.
`infodir'
The directory for installing the Info files for this package. By
default, it should be `/usr/local/info', but it should be written
as `$(prefix)/info'.
`includedir'
The directory for installing header files to be included by user
programs with the C `#include' preprocessor directive. This
should normally be `/usr/local/include', but write it as
`$(prefix)/include'.
Most compilers other than GCC do not look for header files in
`/usr/local/include'. So installing the header files this way is
only useful with GCC. Sometimes this is not a problem because some
libraries are only really intended to work with GCC. But some
libraries are intended to work with other compilers. They should
install their header files in two places, one specified by
`includedir' and one specified by `oldincludedir'.
`oldincludedir'
The directory for installing `#include' header files for use with
compilers other than GCC. This should normally be `/usr/include'.
The Makefile commands should check whether the value of
`oldincludedir' is empty. If it is, they should not try to use
it; they should cancel the second installation of the header files.
A package should not replace an existing header in this directory
unless the header came from the same package. Thus, if your Foo
package provides a header file `foo.h', then it should install the
header file in the `oldincludedir' directory if either (1) there
is no `foo.h' there or (2) the `foo.h' that exists came from the
Foo package.
To tell whether `foo.h' came from the Foo package, put a magic
string in the file--part of a comment--and grep for that string.
Unix-style man pages are installed in one of the following:
`mandir'
The directory for installing the man pages (if any) for this
package. It should include the suffix for the proper section of
the manual--usually `1' for a utility. It will normally be
`/usr/local/man/man1', but you should write it as
`$(prefix)/man/man1'.
`man1dir'
The directory for installing section 1 man pages.
`man2dir'
The directory for installing section 2 man pages.
`...'
Use these names instead of `mandir' if the package needs to
install man pages in more than one section of the manual.
*Don't make the primary documentation for any GNU software be