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printf.c
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1994-11-12
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/* printf - format and print data
Copyright (C) 90, 91, 92, 93, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */
/* Usage: printf format [argument...]
A front end to the printf function that lets it be used from the shell.
Backslash escapes:
\" = double quote
\\ = backslash
\a = alert (bell)
\b = backspace
\c = produce no further output
\f = form feed
\n = new line
\r = carriage return
\t = horizontal tab
\v = vertical tab
\0ooo = octal number (ooo is 0 to 3 digits)
\xhhh = hexadecimal number (hhh is 1 to 3 digits)
Additional directive:
%b = print an argument string, interpreting backslash escapes
The `format' argument is re-used as many times as necessary
to convert all of the given arguments.
David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu> */
#include <config.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include "system.h"
#include "version.h"
#include "long-options.h"
#ifndef STDC_HEADERS
double strtod ();
long strtol ();
unsigned long strtoul ();
#endif
#define isodigit(c) ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '7')
#define hextobin(c) ((c)>='a'&&(c)<='f' ? (c)-'a'+10 : (c)>='A'&&(c)<='F' ? (c)-'A'+10 : (c)-'0')
#define octtobin(c) ((c) - '0')
char *xmalloc ();
void error ();
static double xstrtod ();
static int print_esc ();
static int print_formatted ();
static long xstrtol ();
static unsigned long xstrtoul ();
static void print_direc ();
static void print_esc_char ();
static void print_esc_string ();
static void verify ();
/* The value to return to the calling program. */
static int exit_status;
/* The name this program was run with. */
char *program_name;
static void
usage (status)
int status;
{
if (status != 0)
fprintf (stderr, "Try `%s --help' for more information.\n",
program_name);
else
{
printf ("\
Usage: %s FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...\n\
or: %s OPTION\n\
",
program_name, program_name);
printf ("\
\n\
--help display this help and exit\n\
--version output version information and exit\n\
\n\
FORMAT controls the output as in C printf. Interpreted sequences are:\n\
\n\
\\\" double quote\n\
\\0NNN character with octal value NNN (0 to 3 digits)\n\
\\\\ backslash\n\
\\a alert (BEL)\n\
\\b backspace\n\
\\c produce no further output\n\
\\f form feed\n\
\\n new line\n\
\\r carriage return\n\
\\t horizontal tab\n\
\\v vertical tab\n\
\\xNNN character with hexadecimal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)\n\
\n\
%%%% a single %%\n\
%%b ARGUMENT as a string with `\\' escapes interpreted\n\
\n\
and all C format specifications ending with one of diouxXfeEgGcs, with\n\
ARGUMENTs converted to proper type first. Variable widths are handled.\n\
");
}
exit (status);
}
main (argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
char *format;
int args_used;
program_name = argv[0];
exit_status = 0;
parse_long_options (argc, argv, "printf", version_string, usage);
if (argc == 1)
{
fprintf (stderr, "Usage: %s format [argument...]\n", program_name);
exit (1);
}
format = argv[1];
argc -= 2;
argv += 2;
do
{
args_used = print_formatted (format, argc, argv);
argc -= args_used;
argv += args_used;
}
while (args_used > 0 && argc > 0);
exit (exit_status);
}
/* Print the text in FORMAT, using ARGV (with ARGC elements) for
arguments to any `%' directives.
Return the number of elements of ARGV used. */
static int
print_formatted (format, argc, argv)
char *format;
int argc;
char **argv;
{
int save_argc = argc; /* Preserve original value. */
char *f; /* Pointer into `format'. */
char *direc_start; /* Start of % directive. */
size_t direc_length; /* Length of % directive. */
int field_width; /* Arg to first '*', or -1 if none. */
int precision; /* Arg to second '*', or -1 if none. */
for (f = format; *f; ++f)
{
switch (*f)
{
case '%':
direc_start = f++;
direc_length = 1;
field_width = precision = -1;
if (*f == '%')
{
putchar ('%');
break;
}
if (*f == 'b')
{
if (argc > 0)
{
print_esc_string (*argv);
++argv;
--argc;
}
break;
}
if (index ("-+ #", *f))
{
++f;
++direc_length;
}
if (*f == '*')
{
++f;
++direc_length;
if (argc > 0)
{
field_width = xstrtoul (*argv);
++argv;
--argc;
}
else
field_width = 0;
}
else
while (ISDIGIT (*f))
{
++f;
++direc_length;
}
if (*f == '.')
{
++f;
++direc_length;
if (*f == '*')
{
++f;
++direc_length;
if (argc > 0)
{
precision = xstrtoul (*argv);
++argv;
--argc;
}
else
precision = 0;
}
else
while (ISDIGIT (*f))
{
++f;
++direc_length;
}
}
if (*f == 'l' || *f == 'L' || *f == 'h')
{
++f;
++direc_length;
}
if (!index ("diouxXfeEgGcs", *f))
error (1, 0, "%%%c: invalid directive", *f);
++direc_length;
if (argc > 0)
{
print_direc (direc_start, direc_length, field_width,
precision, *argv);
++argv;
--argc;
}
else
print_direc (direc_start, direc_length, field_width,
precision, "");
break;
case '\\':
f += print_esc (f);
break;
default:
putchar (*f);
}
}
return save_argc - argc;
}
/* Print a \ escape sequence starting at ESCSTART.
Return the number of characters in the escape sequence
besides the backslash. */
static int
print_esc (escstart)
char *escstart;
{
register char *p = escstart + 1;
int esc_value = 0; /* Value of \nnn escape. */
int esc_length; /* Length of \nnn escape. */
/* \0ooo and \xhhh escapes have maximum length of 3 chars. */
if (*p == 'x')
{
for (esc_length = 0, ++p;
esc_length < 3 && ISXDIGIT (*p);
++esc_length, ++p)
esc_value = esc_value * 16 + hextobin (*p);
if (esc_length == 0)
error (1, 0, "missing hexadecimal number in escape");
putchar (esc_value);
}
else if (*p == '0')
{
for (esc_length = 0, ++p;
esc_length < 3 && isodigit (*p);
++esc_length, ++p)
esc_value = esc_value * 8 + octtobin (*p);
putchar (esc_value);
}
else if (index ("\"\\abcfnrtv", *p))
print_esc_char (*p++);
else
error (1, 0, "\\%c: invalid escape", *p);
return p - escstart - 1;
}
/* Output a single-character \ escape. */
static void
print_esc_char (c)
char c;
{
switch (c)
{
case 'a': /* Alert. */
putchar (7);
break;
case 'b': /* Backspace. */
putchar (8);
break;
case 'c': /* Cancel the rest of the output. */
exit (0);
break;
case 'f': /* Form feed. */
putchar (12);
break;
case 'n': /* New line. */
putchar (10);
break;
case 'r': /* Carriage return. */
putchar (13);
break;
case 't': /* Horizontal tab. */
putchar (9);
break;
case 'v': /* Vertical tab. */
putchar (11);
break;
default:
putchar (c);
break;
}
}
/* Print string STR, evaluating \ escapes. */
static void
print_esc_string (str)
char *str;
{
for (; *str; str++)
if (*str == '\\')
str += print_esc (str);
else
putchar (*str);
}
/* Output a % directive. START is the start of the directive,