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Mercury68040
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1993-05-07
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Article 273 of comp.sys.amiga.reviews:
Path: menudo.uh.edu!usenet
From: dcc@dcs.ed.ac.uk (David Crooke)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.amiga.reviews
Subject: REVIEW: PPI Mercury 68040 accelerator for A3000
Followup-To: comp.sys.amiga.hardware
Date: 3 May 1993 14:51:18 GMT
Organization: The Amiga Online Review Column - ed. Daniel Barrett
Lines: 419
Sender: amiga-reviews@math.uh.edu (comp.sys.amiga.reviews moderator)
Approved: barrett@math.uh.edu
Distribution: world
Message-ID: <1s3bh6$ooa@menudo.uh.edu>
Reply-To: dcc@dcs.ed.ac.uk (David Crooke)
NNTP-Posting-Host: karazm.math.uh.edu
Keywords: hardware, A3000, A3000T, accelerator, 68040, commercial
PRODUCT NAME
Progressive Peripherals Inc. Mercury 68040 accelerator for the Amiga
3000.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
The Mercury is a board which provides a fast Motorola 68040
processor and some memory expansion capabilities. It fits in the A3000's
FastSlot, located at the right front of the motherboard. This enhances the
performance of the A3000 in processor-intensive applications like compiling
and ray-tracing. Fallback to the 68030 is possible with software provided,
although only on the 3000/25. This is not as useful as 68000 fallback on
A500/A2000 accelerators, but comes in handy for the odd, semi-awkward game
(Lemmings II!).
The board is available in 28MHz and 35MHz versions with 0-32 MB of
RAM.
AUTHOR/COMPANY INFORMATION
[MODERATOR'S NOTE: This address is out of date. I'm
working on getting a correct one. - Dan]
Name: Progressive Peripherals Inc
Address: 938 Quail St.
Lakewood, CO 80215-5513
USA
Telephone: (303) 238-5555
PRICE
I purchased my board from Creative Computers. The test
configuration (28MHz Mercury with no RAM) was priced at $579.00 (US) plus
shipping (shipping to Europe by air (DHL) was $80 US). VAT (17.5%) and duty
(3.4%) were payable on import to the UK.
This price was due to a "special offer" recently given by PPI, but
stock at this price may still be available from some dealers. Other prices
quoted by Creative were $879.00 for the Mercury 35MHz with no RAM, and
$499.00 for the 3000/040 board (25MHz, no memory expansion, fits A3000/25
only), so I chose the Mercury 28 as the best price/performance/capabilities
choice. Other dealers were more competitive on the Mercury 35 but more
expensive on the Mercury 28 and 3000/040, and on shipping.
I strongly advise UK readers to import products like accelerators
from the US themselves. I have done this several times, and the savings are
substantial over UK dealer mark-ups.
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE PREREQUISITES
HARDWARE
Commodore Amiga A3000 or A3000T, with ROM Kickstart version
2.04 or later. (You can use other Kickstarts from disk with
appropriate software, but you must have at least 2.0 in ROM.)
The reason that 2.0 Kickstart ROMs are needed is that the
SoftKick A3000 (with 1.4 ROMs, which loads
"wb_2.x:devs/Kickstart" from disk) uses the 68030's MMU to
map the disk loaded Kickstart. Since the 68040's MMU is
incompatible with the 68030's, this would fail.
SOFTWARE
None, but AmigaDOS 2.04 or above is strongly recommended.
MACHINE USED FOR TESTING
The version of the Mercury tested was the 28MHz one with no on-board
memory.
The test machine was an A3000/25 (normal desktop version) with 2
internal floppies, 2 internal hard disks, and 8MB of static column Fast RAM.
This machine did not have 2.04 ROMs, and so they were installed at the same
time as the Mercury.
All performance figures are with all caches on, Kickstart in RAM,
etc. The PD "Ramsey" program was used to enhance performance for "68030
mode" comparisons.
COMPONENTS SUPPLIED IN PACKAGE
Mercury board with 68040 processor chip fitted
Floppy Disk (DS/DD 837K AmigaDOS) with PPI and CBM support software
1Mx4 80ns page mode ZIP DRAM chip
4-pin floppy drive power lead
4 mounting bolts
Go-faster sticker with Motorola "04!0" logo
40 page A5 size handbook
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION (TECHNICAL)
The board is about 7 inches square, and when installed covers the
Fast RAM and CPU area on the front right of the A3000 motherboard, under the
drive platform. The majority of the minor chips are surface-mounted, while
the large memory control chips are in PLCC (?) sockets, and the 68040 is a
large PGA. Eight angled sockets for byte-wide SIMMs are provided,
accommodating standard PC-compatible 1Mx8 or 4Mx8 (or x9) SIMMs in groups of
four, allowing configurations of 4, 8, 16, 20 or 32 Megabytes (in addition
to the 18Mb on the Amiga motherboard) -- this memory option was not tested.
A miniature muffin fan is mounted on a sloping bracket above the 68040,
blowing air down onto and across the chip from the front to the back of the
Amiga (desktop A3000). A 200-pin mini edge connector on the underside mates
with the FastSlot. Holes meet up with the mounting posts on the motherboard,
for securing the board with the bolts provided. Floppy-style 4-pin power
connectors are provided for routing power through the board. The build
quality is high.
SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
It is prudent to install the software first so that the system is
68040-aware on its first power-up with the accelerator.
An install utility is provided; and despite a custom setup, I used
it, after a careful walkthrough on the "Pretend to Install" option. The
installation was successful and I made no changes, other than to "Leave Out"
the "Switch" program icon in the Workbench window.
HARDWARE INSTALLATION
All notes refer to the desktop A3000, with differences noted.
As with the installation of Fast RAM, access to the right side of the
motherboard requires a major disassembly of the A3000 including removal of
the drive platform, as described in the small installation handbook supplied
with the 3000. If the machine is fitted with static column Fast RAM, the
first memory chip, whether DIP or ZIP, must be removed, and the supplied
page mode chip fitted to the ZIP socket (U850). This circumvents a bug in
the A3000's memory controller (Ramsey) and allows the PPI board to do burst
transactions. The board is then fitted to the FastSlot and bolted in
place. The second floppy drive power lead is routed down to the board, and
the lead supplied runs back up to power the second drive. If the machine is
an A3000/16, the motherboard must be jumpered to 25MHz operation, and 68030
fallback mode will be unavailable.
The mounting bolts supplied do not fit in the A3000T which does not
normally have mounting posts fitted, but the makers claim the board is
secure without them as long as the machine is not transported.
It is prudent to reassemble the machine partially and test it before
full reassembly, and between installation of the Kickstart ROMs and the
board if doing the two upgrades simultaneously.
The manual states that if the machine has low density memory
(256Kx4's) in the Fast RAM area, a 256Kx4 paged mode ZIP should be purchased,
but I can't see why the 1Mx4 one supplied wouldn't do.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
The accelerator accesses the system bus through the FastSlot, and
supplants the motherboard 68030 and 68881/2 with the 68040. Since the
68040's "RISC style" FPU does not support the full 68881 instruction set,
the remaining functions are emulated in software by the supplied
"68040.library", which is loaded by the "Init040" program placed in the
startup-sequence by the installer. Due to the extremely fast implementation
of the FPU instructions which are provided in hardware, in all cases the
software emulation on a 28MHz 68040 exceeds the performance of the same
instruction in hardware on a 33MHz 68882. General use, with predominantly
simple instructions, is much faster.
"Init040" also configures the accelerator memory and can map
Kickstart into it if present. In a 25MHz machine, the 68040 part of the
accelerator can be turned off from software with a warm boot, leaving the
expansion memory available, and powerup in 68030 or 68040 mode can be
selected with a jumper.
SOFTWARE OPERATION
The only software day-to-day users need is the "Switch" program,
which switches between 68040 and 68030/88x, with a warm reboot (Ctrl-A-A).
It is Intuitio