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Chaos Computer Club 1997 February
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PGP Signed Message
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1997-02-28
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6KB
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117 lines
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
The article below appeared originally in the March 1990 issue of Bridge, a
magazine published by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). The SEI is a
federally funded research and development center sponsored by the Department of
Defense under contract to Carnegie Mellon University.
CERT
_____
When a computer emergency occurs, often the greatest challenges for site
managers are not technical, but communication and coordination problems among
affected sites. To meet these challenges, the Internet community has formed
The Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT). CERT is an informally organized
group of experts that facilitates community response to computer security
events involving Internet hosts.
After the Internet worm of November 1988, the Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA) established the CERT Coordination Center (CERT/CC) at
the SEI to improve communication during emergencies. The SEI was chosen as the
home for the CERT/CC because it is uniquely positioned among the government,
industry, and academic sites that are part of the Internet.
According to William Scherlis of DARPA, "The worm was a sad signal of the end
of the era of widespread trust in the Internet community. The challenge we now
face is to tighten security without compromising function, flexibility,
interoperability, performance, and ease of access for researchers and other
users--in other words, to maintain openness for exchange of scientific
information and for growth in capability."
Remarking on the crisis that led to its creation, CERT/CC coordinator Rich
Pethia said, "Events such as the Internet worm of November 1988 are unusual,
but they serve as a warning that our increasing reliance on interconnected
computers and networks creates new vulnerabilities."
Pethia emphasizes proactive measures that can be taken by the CERT/CC and the
Internet community to avoid security incidents. Scherlis confirms this: "The
CERT has both prevention and response roles. Like a fire department, the
response efforts are most widely visible; but, also like a fire department, the
prevention efforts have the greatest long-term impact."
Because of media coverage of large-scale computer security incidents and the
recent trial and conviction of the perpetrator of the Internet worm of November
1988, public attention has been focused on dramatic computer security problems.
Less dramatic but more common events occur frequently and require just as
effective responses. These events include intrusions of systems, as well as
exploitations and discoveries of systems vulnerabilities.
Since its inception in 1988, CERT/CC has responded to a continuous stream of
reported security incidents. These include reports of intrusions, worms, and
viruses, as well as reports of vulnerabilities and fixes for problems. At
times, the CERT/CC has informed sites of intrusions before site administrators
had themselves detected a problem. The majority of the incidents the CERT/CC
responds to are due to lax password policies and failure to apply known fixes
to security problems. Site managers can help to avoid security incidents by
taking these key actions: Establish rigorous authentication policies for user
access by providing password guidance to users and installing password filter
programs to help users avoid passwords that can be easily cracked. Stay
current with published security-related fixes.
The CERT/CC offers assistance to members of the Internet community who wish to
take further steps to heighten their awareness of security issues and increase
the efficacy of their response to potential threats. The CERT/CC works with
those who want to start their own CERT, according to Pethia. In addition,
CERT/CC moderates several electronic mailing lists. These lists provide a
forum for members of the community to exchange information about security
issues, tools and systems, and viruses. CERT/CC also maintains online copies
of publications about computer security produced by the National Institute Of
Standards and Technology, Computer Security Program Office. (See CERT Contact
Information at end of article.)
The CERT/CC works to increase security awareness among vendors as well as
users. Increased communication provides advantages to both vendors and users.
Vendors receive useful feedback from client communities and users are able to
correct or work around dangerous security problems.
To handle computer security emergencies, CERT/CC provides a single point of
contact for reporting incidents, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. When an
incident is reported, the CERT/CC works with CERT associates to determine the
magnitude of the threat or problem. The CERT/CC then provides information to
constituents on the nature of the problem and appropriate countermeasures to
take.
Because it is the mission of the CERT system to enhance already existing
security mechanisms, CERT organizations collaborate with other security
organizations and pool resources when possible. The CERT system currently
includes more than 600 contacts in industry, government, and the research
community.
To get further information or report problems, contact CERT/CC at the Internet
address or the telephone numbers above.
_____
CERT/CC Contact Information:
For emergencies: 412/268-7090
FAX: 412/268-6989
Electronic mail: cert@cert.org
US mail:
CERT/CC, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890.
____
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