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1993-04-08
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THE WEEK, Page 16HEALTH & SCIENCEA Dose of Prevention
New research documents folic acid's role in preventing neural
birth defects
The interplay of cells and tissues that marks the growth of an
embryo is one of nature's most exquisitely orchestrated
movements. And, for vertebrates, the formation of the spinal
cord and brain from a simple tube of cells is as crucial to life
as it is beautiful to contemplate. But any defect in this neural
tube, likely to appear early in development, can be devastating.
Among the possible results: anencephaly, in which a baby is
born minus most of its brain, and spina bifida.
In the latest issue of the New England Journal of
Medicine, a team of researchers from Hungary report that women
who consume 0.8 mg of folic acid, a B vitamin, for at least a
month before they conceive have a dramatically lower risk of
bearing a child with a neural-tube defect. Although the link
between folic acid and neural-tube defects has been made before,
this landmark study of 4,156 women is the first to show that the
malformation can be prevented -- even in women who have no
previous history of bearing children with neural-tube defects.