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TIME - Man of the Year
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1992-08-28
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ENVIRONMENT, Page 68BEST OF 1991
1. ANTARCTICA TREATY
Believe it or not, the White Continent has already been
fouled by oil spills and garbage dumps, but efforts are under
way to prevent further damage. All but two of the 26 nations
that jointly set policy on Antarctica, including the U.S.,
agreed on a treaty that will ban mining and mineral exploration
on the continent for at least 50 years.
2. JOHN SUNUNU'S RESIGNATION
The White House chief of staff was notorious for his
hostility to environmentalists and their agenda. If it was good
for the earth but bad for business, Sununu's opposition
generally persuaded the President -- witness the
Administration's refusal to take global warming seriously.
3. TOXINS RECONSIDERED
Fresh studies and new interpretations of old data
suggested that some feared substances -- dioxin, radon and
asbestos -- were less toxic or carcinogenic than previously
thought. They aren't exactly part of a complete breakfast, but
slight exposures aren't inevitably fatal either.
4. DERAILMENT OF THE ENERGY BILL
The Johnston-Wallop energy bill in the Senate downplayed
conservation, boosted nuclear power and called for oil
exploration in Alaska's pristine Arctic National Wildlife
Refuge. It was this last provision that sparked the threat of
a filibuster, forcing the bill's sponsors to bail out.
5. DRIFT NETS BACK IN THE DOCK
After years of moral and political pressure from around
the world, Japan finally agreed that its commercial fishing
fleets would stop using drift nets by the end of 1992. These
enormous webworks float through the oceans, efficiently
gathering up food fish but also killing dolphins and other
marine mammals.
. . . AND THE WORST
1. VANISHING OZONE
The Antarctic ozone hole has gone global. Under assault by
man-made chlorofluorocarbons, levels of the vital stratospheric
gas have begun to decline over temperate latitudes both north
and south of the equator, including the skies above most of the
continental U.S. The thinning ozone layer lets more solar
ultraviolet light reach the ground, and the incidence of skin
cancer and cataracts is likely to rise as a result.
2. GULF WAR
The impact of bombs and marauding armies was bad enough.
So why did Iraq have to dump millions of gallons of oil into
the fragile waters of the Persian Gulf and thus devastate its
marine life? And set an estimated 650 oil-well fires that spewed
untold tons of smoke into the air? Some of the direst
predictions, including altered weather patterns across Asia,
failed to materialize, and the well fires were put out in only
eight months (actually faster than expected). But in Kuwait
itself, the air remained acrid the whole time, and the oil that
seeped into the sandy soil will stay there for years.
3. MOUNT PINATUBO'S ERUPTION
The big blowup of 1991 rained volcanic ash on the
Philippines and triggered massive mudslides. It also lofted 15
million to 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide high into the
atmosphere, creating droplets of sulfuric acid that will reflect
some of the sun's heat back into space. That could hold off
global warming for a few years, but when the volcanic gas
dissipates, The earth could make up for lost time and heat up
uncomfortably fast.
4. WHITE HOUSE ON WETLANDS
During his presidential campaign, George Bush promised "no
net loss of wetlands." But under pressure from business, his
Administration proposed a new definition of a wetland that would
open at least 12 million hectares (30 million acres) of
off-limits land to development. It was a good try, but
opposition prompted the White House to back away, at least
temporarily, from a policy change that was all wet.
5. BIOSPHERE 2
Eight Biosphereans in color-coordinated jumpsuits plan to
spend two years in an enclosed 1.3-hectare (3.15-acre) microcosm
of earth. But since real scientists do not understand even
simple ecosystems yet, the idea that anyone can accurately
simulate an entire world is just short of ridiculous.