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- MAN OF THE YEAR, Page 41ATTITUDE OF THE YEARThe New Frugality.
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- By Janice Castro
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- Once in a great while, a deeply felt notion seems to grip
- almost everyone at the same time. In 1991 Americans said,
- "Enough," and became sensible again. Out went heedless
- consumerism, the cult of the new, the expectations of Having It
- All. As the 1980s began to come into focus as a misguided era
- of borrowed luxury, Americans got back to basics. They cut down
- on spending, started to pay off their debts and learned to make
- do with less. It happened just in time. The recession, which at
- first seemed quick and painless, took a scary dive for the
- worse. In the deepening economic chill, the yearning for simpler
- pleasures and thriftier ways became not only a virtue but a
- necessity.
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- The turn toward a prudent frame of mind may have begun
- with the stock market crash of 1987, which served as an
- early-warning system for the harsher realities that followed.
- Tycoons were brought low, and speculative bubbles were burst in
- everything from real estate to artworks. A junkyard of bad debt
- and bankruptcies stretched to the horizon. The gulf war
- heightened the crisis atmosphere and further trivialized the
- pursuit of the latest fashions in consumer products. There was
- a faint echo of the '40s: "Don't you know there's a war on,
- buddy?" While some questioned the battle's goals, for the first
- time in years many Americans were pulling for a common, higher
- purpose. They wondered whether the nation could put this kind
- of effort into a war on homelessness or drugs or AIDS.
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- The new thinking began at the kitchen table. Because the
- real weekly wages of average Americans have been falling for
- nearly two decades, most families have staved off downward
- mobility through two costly measures: borrowing money and
- depending on two incomes. In the past year, many people have
- appraised the results of that strategy and decided they have
- paid a heavy price in their private life.
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- With both parents typically holding down jobs, home life
- had been reduced to a mad scramble at the end of the day to
- cram in shopping, laundry, cooking, mending -- and, oh, yes,
- communication. Quality time had become a bitter cliche: a
- concentrated, forced effort to make up for irretrievable
- moments. Children could not be expected to schedule all their
- needs in a prime-time slot. Adults found they had to work harder
- to hire people to do the work they had no time for: raking the
- leaves, fixing the porch, taking care of the kids and even
- cooking meals.
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- In some households one parent bailed out of the rat race.
- In some cases it was the man of the house, which spawned a new
- catchphrase: the daddy track. For many families the recession
- made that decision unilaterally. One family after another fell
- victim to unemployment, slashed incomes, forfeited benefits and
- unmanageable bills. After watching their friends, relatives and
- others by the millions lose their jobs, Americans realized it
- could just as easily happen to them. During the holiday season,
- families cut back on shopping for presents. Keeping up with the
- Joneses was no longer a worry, since the Joneses were staying
- home and watching movies on video.
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- But the return to frugality was more than just fashionable
- penny pinching. In place of spending, people were looking for
- more enduring gratification. Confronted by failed institutions
- and mounting social problems, Americans decided to pitch in.
- More than half of all adults did volunteer work, according to
- one survey. Churches began filling up again. Students started
- flocking to careers where they could make a difference: nursing,
- teaching, public-interest law.
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- The return to simpler virtues pays no short-term reward to
- the country as a whole; in fact, the cutback in spending has
- made things worse for now. But eventually it should lead to
- healthier family finances, increased peace of mind and renewed
- confidence. As the U.S. confronts the austere economic future,
- its citizens will be forced to harbor resources and fix problems
- one at a time. Stripped of illusions, Americans are focusing on
- what matters to them. They are demanding realistic solutions
- and things that work. Most of all, they want a standard of
- living that can't be measured only in dollars and cents.
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