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- WORLD, Page 26RUSSIAMore Pain Than Gain
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- As controls are lifted and prices skyrocket overnight, Russians
- get a rude lesson in free-market economics
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- At a Moscow supermarket across from the Kiev railroad station
- as the New Year opened, shoppers made their way past cheerless
- holiday decorations toward the display case in the
- processed-meat department. There they confronted a Muscovite
- consumer's dream: not sugarplum fairies but kolbasa sausages
- piled high on chipped metal trays. Yet there was no buying
- frenzy. The price per kilo was 43.75 rubles, compared with only
- 2.20 rubles less than a year ago. Grumbled a middle-aged woman
- overcome by price paralysis: "What a nightmare!"
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- All across Russia last week, long-suffering consumers came
- face to face with the free market, as the government began one
- of the most daring economic reforms ever undertaken anywhere.
- Boris Yeltsin had freed prices, and was setting the country on
- a crash course toward a market system. The prices of a few basic
- commodities, such as bread and gasoline, remained controlled --
- though they tripled or quadrupled overnight. But those of all
- other products were simply set free for the first time in more
- than seven decades.
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- Government economists predict that at first prices will
- soar and even more shortages may result as people hoard in
- expectation of still higher prices. But within a few months,
- they argue, the cost of goods will begin stabilizing and more
- products will be available than have been seen in years.
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- Free prices are only part of the shock-therapy program the
- Russian government is putting in place. Yeltsin is also
- introducing a massive privatization of industry, agricultural
- reforms to break up state farms, and tough new monetary and
- fiscal policies. Says Jeffrey Sachs, a Harvard economist who is
- advising the Yeltsin government: "All this is like jumping out
- of an airplane while you are still sewing the parachute. But
- they have no choice -- the plane's crashing."
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- The Russian economy has been tottering on the brink of
- collapse. Although no one has very accurate figures, prices
- increased an estimated 50% in December alone. The ruble has
- entered the funny-money category: it used to have an official
- exchange rate of 1.8 to the dollar; now a greenback fetches 110
- rubles legally, and more on the black market.
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- The secret of success for such radical reform is the
- courage to stick with it until the program works. In his New
- Year's message to the Russian people, Yeltsin warned that they
- would have to endure six to eight months of hardship. Such a
- short period is wildly optimistic. Rising inflation will
- undoubtedly be followed, at least temporarily, by rising
- unemployment if the government pursues its privatization policy
- and demilitarizes the economy.
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- Yeltsin can never forget that the Bolshevik Revolution
- came to power on Lenin's promise to give the people bread. The
- shock-therapy program will be under pressure to show some quick
- results, or popular unrest could grow. An elderly woman begging
- on a Moscow street corner last week cried, "Please give me some
- money. I cannot even afford to buy bread now." Yeltsin has given
- the Russians pain; now he must deliver the gain.
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- By George M. Taber. Reported by David Aikman/St. Petersburg
- and Yuri Zarakhovich/Moscow.
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