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- BUSINESS, Page 40COVER STORIESChoose Your Remedies
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- WHAT'S NOW ON THE TABLE
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- Help for the Middle Class
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- One plan would cut at least 2% from the FICA payroll
- taxes, which take 15.3% (employers pay half) of all earnings up
- to $53,400 a year. The tax is highly regressive, and its
- surpluses are used to pay for everything from food stamps to
- nuclear missiles.
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- Outlook:
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- Pushed hard by Democrats on grounds of fairness; a modest
- version may wind up in Bush's package as well.
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- A Break for Capital Gains
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- Taxed as regular income at rates up to 31%, most types of
- capital gains would get a substantial break if the
- Administration has its way. Republicans tout the measure as a
- stimulant to investment; Democrats attack it as a handout to the
- wealthy.
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- Outlook:
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- As part of a compromise package, Democrats may be willing
- to accept a limited cut, especially if it applies only to new
- investment.
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- Expansion of the IRA
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- As a boon to the upper middle class, several plans would
- restore tax breaks for Individual Retirement Accounts to the
- higher-income taxpayers from whom they were taken in 1986.
- Another version would allow withdrawal of earnings from accounts
- funded with after-tax dollars.
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- Outlook:
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- Popular with both parties, but the multibillion-dollar
- cost could be a barrier.
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- A Revived Investment Tax Credit
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- Dropped in 1986, any tax credit would probably be limited
- to investment in new plants and equipment and made temporary,
- thus encouraging companies to accelerate their expansion before
- the tax break expires. Moreover, to avoid giving a windfall to
- any spending that was already planned, the credits would
- probably apply only to "incremental" investment, meaning the
- money spent above a company's historical level.
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- Outlook:
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- A long-standing favorite of Democrats and a probable
- component of Bush's package as well.
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- Hitting the Wealthy Harder
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- To help finance middle-class relief, the rich would get
- some form of modest increase. One way would be to boost the top
- marginal tax rate a few points; another would be to add a surtax
- on millionaires' income.
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- Outlook:
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- In an election year, the Democrats will demand this
- populist move, and Bush is likely to go along in exchange for
- a capital-gains cut and other measures.
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- WHAT SHOULD BE DONE FOR THE LONG TERM
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- Invest in Mass Transit
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- Create federal, state and local partnerships to build
- light-rail lines for urban areas lacking mass transit; support
- high-speed rail for passengers and freight. To help pay for it,
- boost taxes on parking and fuel. Such programs would reduce
- pollution, gridlock and dependence on oil imports.
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- Invest in Education and Job Training
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- Guarantee access to college or vocational training for all
- who qualify, regardless of ability to pay. As Arkansas Governor
- Bill Clinton suggests, let needy students pay for their
- education with public service after graduation or through small
- paycheck deductions.
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- Boost Research and Development
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- Increase spending, as Bush has begun to do, to support
- private research into new technologies. Provide special funding
- for research into alternative energy sources including solar
- electricity.
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- Make Smart Defense Cuts
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- In the short run, reductions in the Pentagon budget will
- provide few savings. Because of the recession, for example,
- cutbacks in military payrolls would put more people on the
- unemployment line. But over the long haul, carefully planned
- reductions could amount to savings of $50 billion a year.
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- Phase Out Subsidies for Borrowing
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- Americans for decades have bought far larger and more
- expensive houses than they could otherwise afford, thanks to the
- deduction for mortgage interest. The result for the U.S. is high
- household debt and low savings. Lawmakers should consider
- sharply lowering the cap on mortgage deductions, which currently
- allows full deductibility for interest payments on debt of up
- to $1.1 million on two homes.
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- Similarly, the Treasury Department should release its
- long-awaited study on ways to equalize the treatment of
- corporate debt and equities. The best way is simply to cut tax
- deductions for corporate borrowing while simultaneously cutting
- the double taxation of stock dividends.
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