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- WORLD, Page 29RUSSIALooking Into the Abyss
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- Real hunger and fear of a coup stalk the citizens of
- St. Petersburg
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- By DAVID AIKMAN/ST. PETERSBURG
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- The bright sun of a northern winter can still turn the
- palaces and churches of Peter the Great's city into a feast of
- visual elegance. But beneath the sparkling exterior, the mood
- of the city's 5 million inhabitants is as frigid as the ice
- piled up in the Neva River. Slowly, less dramatically than
- during the 900-day siege by the German Wehrmacht in World War
- II, St. Petersburg is experiencing real hunger.
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- The city's scarcities became serious six months ago, say
- city officials, after the neighboring, newly independent Baltic
- states had already lifted their own price controls. That had led
- to an influx of entrepreneurial food buyers from those
- republics who took advantage of the cheaper prices to buy up
- Russian goods. At the same time, food supplies to the city from
- collective farms diminished after Mayor Anatoli Sobchak swept
- to power in elections in 1990. The bureaucracy, still
- predominantly hard-line communists, dragged their feet on
- implementing changes. While other Russian cities, including
- Moscow, could barter their industrial products for farm produce,
- St. Petersburg, with 72% of its industrial output devoted to
- military hardware, had nothing to trade. Observed a city tourist
- guide bitterly: "You can't buy a chicken with a tank."
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- Five months ago, city officials introduced rationing,
- which at least enabled most people to buy staples like bread,
- butter, milk and, occasionally, meat. But when Russian President
- Boris Yeltsin freed prices on Jan. 2, most food except bread
- virtually disappeared from stores. On the city's once elegant
- Nevsky Prospekt, shoppers at a small grocery store stared
- bleakly at cans of Finnish sardines, lollipops and American M&M
- candies. With prices freed, costs soared tenfold against an
- average salary that stayed at 400 rubles a month: sausage now
- costs 100 to 200 rubles a kilo (2.2 lbs.), and even sour cream,
- a Russian staple, goes for 130 rubles a kilo. Said a city
- council member: "Our energy level is lower because we are not
- receiving proper nutrition."
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- The sense of city-wide despair is palpable even among the
- frowsy tourist interpreters trained to talk up the city. "This
- is the most humiliating time the city has ever undergone," said
- one. "Even during World War II it was not like this. Our
- country is falling apart." When would it get better? someone
- asked. "When people learn once more the meaning of work, we will
- have food again," came the answer. Others are not so sure. "The
- situation is extraordinarily tense," said a city council member.
- "The old authorities -- the communists -- realize that this may
- be their last chance to regain power. We are hungrier than any
- other big Russian city." He and other officials who support
- Sobchak said they fear a possible local coup attempt against the
- reform-minded mayor, whom hard-liners have been trying to force
- out for weeks. The period of greatest vulnerability for such an
- act, say several city officials, will be between Jan. 10 and the
- end of February, when food shortages are likely to be severest.
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- Who would actually lead such a coup does not seem clear in
- anybody's mind: just an inchoate, presumably reactionary and
- authoritarian group referred to ominously as "they." Explained
- a driver: "There will be bread riots, and that will lead to a
- coup. And when the coup takes place, that will lead to civil
- war." But the real specter is chaos. Many of St. Petersburg's
- citizens fear that social and political instability caused by
- shortages will bring bloodshed. "When you see their faces," said
- a member of the city council with a sigh, "they are very tense,
- but that is because our life itself is so tense."
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