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1992-08-28
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ESSAY, Page 74We Are Ignoring Our World Role
By Richard Nixon
Foreign policy is the great forgotten issue in this
year's campaign. Over the past 44 years, I have closely observed
12 presidential campaigns and participated as a candidate in
five. Never has there been less discussion of foreign policy
than in this campaign. Yet never has it been a more important
issue than today.
Republicans, who have been strong on the issue, believe
the American people no longer care about it. Democrats, who
have been weak on the issue, are afraid to raise it. Both are
making a grave mistake. In 1956 President Dwight Eisenhower ran
on the slogan of "Peace and Prosperity." Today both goals
totally depend on whether we adopt a new American
internationalism.
Domestic and foreign policy are like Siamese twins --
neither can survive without the other. The United States cannot
be at peace in a world of wars, as Iraq's aggression against
Kuwait demonstrated. Nor can we have a healthy domestic economy
in a sick world economy. Those who accuse President George Bush
of focusing excessively on events abroad fail to see that
domestic and foreign policy are not in conflict but rather can
only succeed by moving in tandem.
Nowhere is this more true than in the two crucial issues
of protectionism and assistance for Russia.
More than ever, trade is the key to prosperity. The
recession of 1931 became the Great Depression of 1932 after the
Smoot-Hawley tariffs contributed to the collapse of world
markets. Since trade accounts for 25% of U.S. GNP today, a trade
war would trigger a depression that would make the present
downturn look like a minor blip.
Those who bash Japan are running down America. Their hand
wringing and defeatist attitude assumes that the United States
is a pitiful, helpless giant that can only survive behind new
trade barriers. The path to prosperity in the next century lies
not in building protectionist walls for ourselves but in
breaching those erected by others.
America does not need to retreat from international
competition. Instead we need government and business to
cooperate toward capturing new foreign markets. It is time to
create an Economic Security Council to formulate a comprehensive
international economic strategy, just as the National Security
Council coordinates our security policies.
Peace and U.S. security are inextricably linked to the
fate of Russia's political and economic reforms. After the Duke
of Wellington defeated Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815, he
described the battle as "the nearest run thing you ever saw in
your life." Today President Boris Yeltsin has launched a radical
program of economic reforms. Its fate will at best be a near run
thing. Just as Wellington's victory determined the course of
European history for the 19th century, the outcome of Yeltsin's
bold gamble will decisively affect the history of the 21st
century.
If Yeltsin succeeds, a democratic Russia will integrate
itself into the West. It will bolster European stability,
cooperate with Western powers in far-flung crises and enhance
prosperity through trade. If he fails, a new despotism will
arise based on extremist Russian nationalism. This could trigger
war among the former Soviet republics, force the West to rearm,
threaten Eastern Europe's security, relieve pressures in China
for political reform and lead to sales of Russian arms and
military technology to rogue states such as Iraq, Syria, Iran,
Libya and North Korea.
A new Russian despotism inspired by a vital imperial
nationalism and shorn of the baggage of the dying faith of
communism could potentially be even more dangerous than the old
Soviet totalitarianism.
We are at a watershed moment for America's world role. In
the cold war, we played a dramatic but defensive role in
containing communism. In the immediate postwar years, we
implemented a two-pronged strategy to blunt Moscow's main thrust
in Europe, using military power to deter aggression and economic
power through the Marshall Plan to counter the communist
ideological challenge. We later beat back Soviet salients in
Korea, the Philippines, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Angola,
Afghanistan and elsewhere.
This bought us time. And all we needed was time to allow
the ideas of communism to fail. Radio Free Europe and other
Western policies contributed to the erosion of faith in
communism. But it was the ideology's fundamental flaws that
doomed it to inevitable defeat.
In the cold war, we helped avoid great evils. But now we
have the chance to advance great goods. While the communists
have lost, we have not won until we prove that the ideas of
freedom can provide the peoples of the former Soviet Union with
a better life. We must enlist the same spirit that won the
defensive battle against communism to win the offensive battle
to ensure the victory of freedom. We must mobilize the West to
commit the billions of dollars needed to give Russia's reforms
a fighting chance to succeed.
An unholy alliance of the left and right stands in the
way. Some Democrats, turning away from the internationalist
tradition of Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt and Harry
Truman, argue that the United States is too poor and too
unworthy to play a major world role. Some Republicans,
abandoning the tradition of enlightened foreign policy
stretching from Eisenhower through Bush, call for a new
isolationism. Both fail to see the iron link between the U.S.
leadership and our twin goals of peace abroad and prosperity at
home.
Political gurus on both sides are advising candidates that
activism in foreign policy is a political loser. But a great
candidate does not follow the polls; he makes them follow him.
The true mark of leadership is not simply to support what is
popular but to make what is unpopular popular, if that serves
our national interest.
Public opinion responds to threats, not to opportunities.
It is easy to mobilize support to meet a clear threat but
difficult to rally it to seize a fleeting opportunity. If our
leaders put foreign policy on the back burner until world events
produce a new threat, our moment of opportunity will have
vanished.
In writing about the 19th century British Prime Minister
Lord Rosebery, Winston Churchill observed that he had the
misfortune of living in "an age of great men and small events."
Today our leaders have the good fortune to live in a time of
great events. Their challenge is to rise to the level of those
events.