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- THE WEEK, Page 21HEALTH & SCIENCEThe Big Bang Theory Gets a Big Boost
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- A satellite finds evidence that the cosmos began with a titanic
- explosion
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- Physicists don't much like getting up early, but they packed
- promptly into an 8:00 a.m. gathering of the American Physical
- Society in Washington last week. They were drawn, fittingly
- enough, by rumors of revelations about the very first dawn, and
- they were rewarded with dramatic news.
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- NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite -- COBE -- has
- found something astronomers have been seeking for nearly 30
- years: an almost imperceptible pattern of warm and cool patches
- in the cosmic microwave background radiation, the oldest light
- in the cosmos. The radiation was created only 300,000 years
- after the Big Bang explosion that began the universe, a time
- when all of space was hot, dense and incandescently bright. The
- radiation is still around now, 15 billion years later, cooled
- far below zero and transformed from visible light to
- microwaves. Its discovery in the mid-1960s confirmed the Big
- Bang as the premier theory of the universe. The theory also says
- the temperature of this background radiation must vary from spot
- to spot in the sky. The variations come from areas of higher and
- lower density in the universe at that time; without density
- fluctuations then, there could be no galaxies -- and no humans
- -- today.
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- Failure to find the variations until now had understandably
- made scientists a little nervous. Humans and galaxies obviously
- exist, so if COBE didn't see them sooner or later, that meant the
- Big Bang theory, the foundation of modern astrophysics, could
- have been in serious trouble. But tiny as the variations are --
- 30 millionths of a degree at most -- they are enough to keep the
- Big Bang alive. Says David Spergel, a Princeton astrophysicist:
- "This is great stuff."
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