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1992-09-10
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THE WEEK, Page 16WORLDKabul Falls at Last But the War Isn't Over
Guerrillas move into the capital without a government to offer
After 14 years of civil strife, Afghanistan's mujahedin
guerrillas have won, but their war may not be over yet. While
many of the U.S.-supplied fighters say they are weary of battle
and hope for peace, leaders of their various ethnic and
religious factions are still struggling for power in whatever
government next tries to rule the country.
Defying most Western predictions, Soviet-installed
President Najibullah hung on for three years after Moscow's army
pulled out. But as mujahedin forces led by Ahmad Shah Massoud
marched on the capital of Kabul from the north, more and more
of the government's army commanders went over to him, creating
new coalitions in the field. Najibullah was forced to resign
two weeks ago, and went into hiding.
Last week Massoud's troops moved into Kabul, where they
met and mixed with thousands of guerrillas loyal to Gulbuddin
Hekmatyar, who heads the main southern mujahedin unit. Most
government troops and police surrendered without a fight, but
rifle fire echoed over neighborhoods on the outskirts. Some of
the shooting was celebratory, but some resulted from brief
skirmishes between the factions.
Massoud, a member of Afghanistan's Tajik minority, had
initially held his men out of the capital, partly to avoid chaos
in the city of 1.5 million and partly to try to seal it off from
Hekmatyar, his principal rival. Hekmatyar, an ethnic Pashtun and
Islamic fundamentalist, had demanded that the rump government
in Kabul surrender to him so that a strictly religious Muslim
regime could be installed. Now both mujahedin forces are in the
center of the city, including the grounds of the presidential
palace, where even a small clash could spark another round of
civil war.
Guerrilla leaders meeting in Peshawar, Pakistan, suggested
a compromise. They proposed an interim council, with
representatives from each of the 10 major guerrilla groups, to
govern Afghanistan until elections could be held within a year.
They instructed Massoud to take charge in Kabul until their
arrival. The U.N. envoy to Afghanistan, Benon Sevan, asked all
factions to set aside their differences and cooperate, but he
was less than optimistic. "What they agree to in the morning,"
he said, "they reject in the evening as if it were signed in
invisible ink." Hekmatyar talked with Massoud for two hours by
radio and then rejected the compromise plan.