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- THE WEEK, Page 24SOCIETYChildren in the Danger Zone
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- For black youngsters, it is often a short trip from cradle to
- grave
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- Researchers have worked for years to figure out why it is so
- dangerous to be born black in America; two new medical studies
- reveal the extent of the devastation. Writing in the New
- England Journal of Medicine, Dr. Kenneth Schoendorf, a medical
- epidemiologist at the National Center for Health Statistics,
- reported that black babies suffered twice the mortality rate of
- white infants even when both parents had completed college.
- Based on U.S. birth and infant death certificates that were
- filed from 1983 to 1985, a determination was made by Schoendorf
- and his colleagues that the gap was due entirely to the fact
- that more black infants were underweight at birth.
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- Although more black women than white women in the study
- received late or no prenatal care, that discrepancy alone was
- not great enough to account completely for the twofold gap in
- mortality rates. Schoendorf points to several possible reasons.
- Among them: the cumulative effects of a lifetime of inadequate
- access to health care, and the chronic stress associated with
- being black in America. One piece of good news in the report:
- black and white infants of normal birth weight enjoyed identical
- chances for good health.
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- The other study, from the Journal of the American Medical
- Association, documented skyrocketing violence in the inner city.
- Dr. Leland Ropp and his colleagues in Detroit found that the
- overall rate of childhood death for all races in their city had
- risen 50% from 1980 to 1988. Tragically, almost the entire
- increase was linked to a jump of 250% in the rate of murder,
- usually by handguns, of black boys ages 10 to 14 and of black
- teenagers of both sexes, ages 15 to 18.
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- Preliminary figures show that the epidemic of murder --
- fueled by access to cheap, powerful weapons -- spread to other
- large cities in 1989 and began moving to smaller cities this
- year. Says Ropp: "We're beginning to see children's homicides
- and gunshot wounds in places like Minneapolis and Pittsburgh,
- where we've never seen them before."
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