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- THE MILITARY, Page 36An Officer, Not A Gentleman
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- Though the battle against sexism is now fully engaged, the war
- will be a long one
-
- By JILL SMOLOWE -- With reporting by Nancy Traver/New York and
- Bruce van Voorst/Washington
-
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- In the popular idiom of the military world, men are men
- and women are "young ladies." That is, until the men get into
- trouble for sexually harassing their female colleagues. Then the
- men are "boys being boys." And the women? Those who deflect
- sexual advances risk being labeled by some men as lesbians, a
- threat that can cost a woman her military career. Those who dare
- to complain are often branded as "too soft." Such is the
- backdrop against which women in the armed forces must determine
- whether it is worth registering a complaint when a male
- colleague steps out of line. Although a 1990 Pentagon study
- found that fully two-thirds of U.S. servicewomen have been
- sexually harassed by male military personnel, few file
- complaints. The social and professional costs, it would seem,
- are often too high.
-
- Seen in that light, the revelations about lewd shenanigans
- at the Tailhook convention of Navy and Marine aviators last
- September, which have already cost Navy Secretary H. Lawrence
- Garrett III his job, may be a blessing in disguise. Much as race
- riots in 1972 led to racial reforms within the Navy, the
- Tailhook debacle is prompting a serious campaign to stamp out
- sexual harassment. Acting Navy Secretary Daniel Howard last week
- ordered a service-wide stand-down so that all personnel can
- devote a full day to sexual-harassment training. And on Capitol
- Hill four women recounted tales of sexual harassment to a Senate
- panel. Jacqueline Ortiz, an Army reservist, told of being
- "forcibly sodomized" by Sergeant David Martinez while serving
- in Saudi Arabia during Desert Storm. When she reported the
- attack to her superiors, she was ignored. Last week the Army
- belatedly charged Martinez with sexual assault.
-
- The Pentagon brass is now vocally hell-bent for reform.
- "Perhaps we can't change your attitude," Army Brigadier General
- Thomas Jones told TIME, "but we can darn well change your
- conduct." Perhaps not fast enough. The dominant attitude among
- naval aviators seems to be that it is not possible to be both
- an officer and a gentleman. "Subjecting these guys to classes
- in sexual harassment is like telling them not to smoke or
- drink," explains Charles Moskos, a military sociologist at
- Northwestern University. "You can't oversocialize them because
- that might even drive out the best pilots." Some Pentagon
- officials fret (anonymously, of course) that curbing Navy
- pilots' sexual feistiness will remove the edge they need for
- combat. Democrat Patricia Schroeder, a member of the House Armed
- Services Committee, responds, "It's possible to be brave and
- still repress your roaring testosterone."
-
- Such problems are hardly unique to the Navy. According to
- the 1990 Pentagon study, a higher percentage of women in the
- Army and Marine Corps suffer sexual harassment, whether it be
- demeaning jokes or violent sexual attacks. Moreover, the Navy
- has been progressive on some fronts: it had the first woman
- pilot and astronaut, and has named five female admirals. The Air
- Force, however, shines by comparison; 97% of its jobs are open
- to women, as compared with 59% in the Navy. In the Air Force
- culture, all worship at the altar of technology; she who
- understands the newest toys largely need not fear harassment.
-
- The Navy's bad reputation owes much to a string of highly
- publicized incidents. In 1987 Pentagon investigators uncovered
- "morally repugnant behavior" on a Navy salvage ship cruising the
- western Pacific, which included the captain's performing oral
- sex on a prostitute in front of his crew. In 1990 a female
- midshipman at the U.S. Naval Academy resigned after she was
- handcuffed to a urinal by male midshipmen. There have also been
- reports of rapes and sexual assaults.
-
- The Navy's shipboard culture breeds sexism. Once a ship is
- afloat, the captain is the master of the universe. Women have
- little choice but to endure insults. It does not help that women
- are still barred from combat ships, and only 8,800 of the
- Navy's 58,000 women have landed spots on support ships. Many
- enlistees argue that the more women are integrated into the
- service, the less sexism there will be. "Working together is
- more important than sexual-harassment training," says Senior
- Chief Radioman Rusanne Anthony. The Navy's officers also need
- to set a better example. "We haven't had leaders who modeled the
- proper behavior," says Kay Krohne, a retired Navy commander. "We
- have officers who pay lip service, then pinch their secretary's
- butt."
-
- Just as the Clarence Thomas-Anita Hill hearings made women
- recall their own tales of sexism, so has the Tailhook scandal
- made females in uniform question their handling of aberrant
- behavior in the past. One Air Force captain recalls overlooking
- a minor incident years back. The man got promoted and continued
- to bother other women. Now she thinks maybe she should have made
- a little noise. An Air Force staff sergeant recalls a military
- doctor who used to pat the buttocks and breasts of many female
- patients, regardless of their ailment. As for the men, they
- stand divided. One Navy ensign has little sympathy. "A lot of
- women," he says, "bring it on themselves." Air Force Sergeant
- Bradley Ahrensfield, on the other hand, says there is "no
- excuse" for such behavior. Officially at least, every man in the
- Navy better adopt that attitude if he wants to keep his job.
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