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TIME - Man of the Year
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1993-04-08
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THE WEEK, Page 18SOCIETYWas Huck Finn Black?
A Twain scholar says a loquacious 10-year-old inspired the
character
So who was Huckleberry Finn anyway? The most celebrated hobo
hero in American literature took on a new dimension when
Shelley Fisher Fishkin, a professor at the University of Texas
at Austin, unveiled the research that went into her forthcoming
book, Was Huck Black? Mark Twain and African-American Voices.
Twain said Huckleberry Finn, the young narrator of his
most famous book, was based on Tom Blankenship, a poor white
boy in Hannibal, Mo. But Fishkin argues that Huck's voice was
in part inspired by Jimmy, a 10-year-old black servant. Twain
described this boy in an 1874 article in the New York Times as
"the most artless, sociable and exhaustless talker I ever came
across." Added Twain: "He did not tell me a single remarkable
thing, or one that was worth remembering. And yet he was himself
so interested in his small marvels, and they flowed so
naturally and comfortably from his lips that . . . I listened
as one who receives a revelation." Beyond fueling a lively
debate among Twain scholars, Fishkin's thesis may help vindicate
teachers who have been criticized for using the book on the
ground that its portrayal of Huck's constant companion Jim, whom
Huck calls a "nigger," is racist.
Other Twain scholars made some intriguing discoveries
about the writer's personal affairs. Victor Fischer and Michael
Frank of the Mark Twain Proj ect at the University of
California, Berkeley, said some soon-to-be published letters
show that in 1869, Twain, at 33, had launched a campaign to
convince Olivia Langdon, 23, that his wanderlust would cease if
she married him. Wrote Twain: "It is my strong conviction that,
married to you, I would never desire to roam again while I
lived." Despite her reservations, Langdon finally relented.
Twain triumphantly wrote to his family, "She said she never
could or would love me -- but she set herself the task of making
a Christian of me. I said she would succeed, but that in the
meantime she would unwittingly dig a matrimonial pit & end by
tumbling into it -- & lo! the prophecy is fulfilled." Langdon
was wed to Twain for the remaining 34 years of her life.