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- THE WEEK, Page 25SOCIETYHelp for the Disabled
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- An act that covers 87% of American workers is now the law of
- the land
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- Hard as it may be to eradicate, discrimination against women
- and minorities in the workplace has been illegal in America for
- years. But for people with physical and mental disabilities,
- substantial obstacles to suitable employment have remained in
- place -- until now. On July 26, a major new law, the Americans
- with Disabilities Act (ADA), went into effect for companies with
- 25 or more employees -- which means that 87% of U.S wage earners
- will be covered.
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- The statute, which bans discrimination against those who
- are blind, deaf, mentally retarded, hiv positive, physically
- impaired or have cancer or epilepsy, is designed to help more
- than 10 million Americans move into the mainstream of the
- working world. "This is the 20th century Emancipation
- Proclamation for people with disabilities," says Iowa Senator
- Tom Harkin, the law's chief sponsor.
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- Under the act, employers are forbidden to discriminate in
- hiring, promotions and firing. They are also compelled, if it
- is not too burdensome, to offer "reasonable accommodations" --
- things like a ramp for a wheelchair or a sound amplifier on a
- phone -- to people with disabilities. The fuzziness of that
- language has prompted many of the 264,000 employers covered by
- the act to seek advice about their new obligations, especially
- since they face stiff financial penalties if they violate its
- provisions. Says Bobby Silverstein of the Senate Subcommittee
- on Disability Policy: "Companies are sending human-resources
- employees to seminars and sensitivity training, reading manuals
- and meeting with disabilities-rights advocates."
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- Smaller companies have been concerned about the costs of
- the new law and its potential for generating lawsuits. But
- Nancy Fulco, an attorney with the U.S. Chamber of Commerce,
- which supported the bill, argues that economic benefits will
- outweigh the costs. "The business community is in desperate need
- of qualified labor, and this opens up a huge untapped resource
- of workers," she says. The EEOC, which administers the ADA,
- estimates that the average cost of accommodating a disabled
- worker will be $260. The act is expected to save the government
- $220 million a year by helping people with disabilities get off
- public assistance and onto the tax rolls.
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