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- THE WEEK, Page 22HEALTH & SCIENCEPrenatal Assurance
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- New blood tests offer noninvasive screening for Down syndrome
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- It used to be that most children with Down syndrome, the
- genetic abnormality that leads to physical deformity and mental
- retardation, were born to women age 35 and older. For that
- reason, many older expectant mothers now have amnio centesis to
- see whether the baby's genes bear the telltale defects
- associated with the ailment. The result is that fully 80% of
- victims today -- in the U.S. at least -- are born to mothers 35
- and younger. These women tend to avoid amniocentesis because for
- them the risk of bearing kids with Down syndrome is
- significantly lower than the risk from the testing procedure
- itself, which can cause miscarriage.
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- That is why a report in the New England Journal of
- Medicine is so significant: doctors in Maine and Rhode Island
- have shown that by using three blood tests -- for substances
- called alpha-fetoprotein, un conjugated estriol and chorionic
- gonadotrophin -- they could determine which young mothers were
- at highest risk for bearing afflicted children. The first test
- alone predicts Down syndrome correctly 35% of the time, but all
- three together boosted the rate to nearly 60%, thus targeting
- women who are most likely to benefit from amnio.
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