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- REVIEWS, Page 101BOOKSA Hole in The Ark
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- R.Z. SHEPPARD
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- TITLE: THE DIVERSITY OF LIFE
- AUTHOR: Edward O. Wilson
- PUBLISHER: Harvard University; 424 pages; $29.95
-
- THE BOTTOM LINE: A leading biologist's warning about
- ecological disaster is both top-drawer science and high-level
- art.
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- The world is coming to an end. Again. Edward O. Wilson, a
- pioneer of sociobiology and professor of entomology at Harvard's
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, lists five earth-shattering
- events in the past half-billion years. The latest may have been
- a one-two punch. A meteorite six miles wide struck the Caribbean
- region 66 million years ago and set off intercontinental
- volcanic eruptions. The smoke and dust changed the global
- climate, killing countless plant and animal species.
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- Earlier mass extinctions, 440 million to 210 million years
- back, are attributed to the breakup and drift of the single
- supercontinent known as Pangaea. All these cataclysms, says
- Wilson, drastically reduced the variety of species. But given
- world enough and time (at least 20 million years), biological
- diversity reasserted itself.
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- The Diversity of Life argues that Homo sapiens does not
- have the luxury of such a leisurely recovery. Nor does it
- deserve it, because it is now the leading threat to life-forms,
- including itself. What Darwin called the tangled bank and Wilson
- calls the web of life is a highly interdependent system. An
- event in one part of the web jiggles the whole.
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- Wilson has mastered his science and the art of teaching
- it. He moves easily from the macro to the micro, from the
- eruption of Krakatau to the silent messages of chromosomes. He
- strives for clarity, but never at the expense of complexity. An
- explanation of how species evolve may require more attention
- than Homo televideous is willing to muster. Hang in. Accounts
- of the author's field experiences convey an excitement of
- discovery that many readers probably last felt as children
- examining insects in a patch of grass.
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- Much of Wilson's expertise derives from his award-winning
- studies of life on islands where the number of species increases
- or decreases with the size of habitat. This finding is less
- obvious than it sounds and has big consequences for large
- landmasses where biological diversity is rapidly losing out to
- development and pollution. Wilson estimates that 10,000 species
- are destroyed each year, a rate that is increasing as the
- world's population grows toward 10 billion people by the middle
- of the next century.
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- So what, critics argue? Evolution is littered with the
- remains of organisms that didn't make it, and prophecies of
- ecological doom have replaced nightmares of thermonuclear
- holocaust. The thinking animal is also the one that worries the
- most. It should. Wilson's intellectual, aesthetic and moral
- conception of life on earth suggests that survival may depend
- on a new age of anxiety.
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