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TIME - Man of the Year
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1993-04-08
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THE WEEK, Page 16NATIONNoblesse Oblige for The Sole Superpower
U.S.-led troops head for Somalia to combat anarchy and starvation
A pre-World War I American cliche had it that "the Marines
have landed, and the situation is well in hand." About 1,800 U.S.
Marines begin landing in Somalia this week, the advance guard
of a United Nations force probably more than 17 times that
size, and the situation soon may be well in hand -- so far as
distribution of food to the starving goes. But much else about
what George Bush called "a difficult and dangerous job"
remained murky.
The mission is a striking departure for both the U.N. and
the U.S. It is a peace-enforcing, not peacekeeping, operation
(there is no peace to keep), mounted without invitation from a
host government (there is no Somali government). Nor does the
U.S. have any economic or strategic stake. On TV last Friday,
Bush stressed that the U.S. interest is "humanitarian," a matter
of superpower noblesse oblige. Some 1.5 million Somalis may
starve to death, he said, because armed gangs have been stealing
relief supplies, and "only the U.S. has the global reach" to
cope with the crisis. Washington had earlier made the U.N. an
offer it could not refuse: the U.S. would organize and command
a U.N. force and supply most of the troops.
Bush said "about a dozen countries" would contribute
troops; France made a quick offer of 1,700. The U.S. is
prepared to send 28,000 Marine and Army fighters, who will
secure airports, ports and roads and chase away the looters.
Colin Powell, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said they
could take "pre-emptive action" -- meaning shoot first if they
are threatened. That is a sharp break from the usual rules for
U.N. peacekeeping forces, which are allowed only to shoot back
when fired upon.
Should the U.S.-led troops also disarm the war bands? U.N.
Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali says yes, but Powell
calls disarmament only "one method that could be used" and adds
that the troops can hardly round up "every last AK-47" in
Somalia. So, might the warring clans create anarchy and famine
again after the U.S.-U.N. troops leave? The hope is that the
combat troops can pacify the country enough for a smaller,
"regular" U.N. peacekeeping force to take over. Though the U.S.
would like to begin pulling out by Bill Clinton's Inauguration
Jan. 20, Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney said it "would not be
bound by an artificial deadline," and Powell thought the job
would require "two to three months, at my best guess." Perhaps,
but it could also prove much easier to get into Somalia than to
get out again.