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jrevdct.c
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1993-02-02
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/*
* jrevdct.c
*
* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, Thomas G. Lane.
* This file is part of the Independent JPEG Group's software.
* For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README file.
*
* This file contains the basic inverse-DCT transformation subroutine.
*
* This implementation is based on an algorithm described in
* C. Loeffler, A. Ligtenberg and G. Moschytz, "Practical Fast 1-D DCT
* Algorithms with 11 Multiplications", Proc. Int'l. Conf. on Acoustics,
* Speech, and Signal Processing 1989 (ICASSP '89), pp. 988-991.
* The primary algorithm described there uses 11 multiplies and 29 adds.
* We use their alternate method with 12 multiplies and 32 adds.
* The advantage of this method is that no data path contains more than one
* multiplication; this allows a very simple and accurate implementation in
* scaled fixed-point arithmetic, with a minimal number of shifts.
*
* I've made lots of modifications to attempt to take advantage of the
* sparse nature of the DCT matrices we're getting. Although the logic
* is cumbersome, it's straightforward and the resulting code is much
* faster.
*
* A better way to do this would be to pass in the DCT block as a sparse
* matrix, perhaps with the difference cases encoded.
*/
#include <string.h>
#include "video.h"
#include "proto.h"
#define GLOBAL /* a function referenced thru EXTERNs */
/* We assume that right shift corresponds to signed division by 2 with
* rounding towards minus infinity. This is correct for typical "arithmetic
* shift" instructions that shift in copies of the sign bit. But some
* C compilers implement >> with an unsigned shift. For these machines you
* must define RIGHT_SHIFT_IS_UNSIGNED.
* RIGHT_SHIFT provides a proper signed right shift of an INT32 quantity.
* It is only applied with constant shift counts. SHIFT_TEMPS must be
* included in the variables of any routine using RIGHT_SHIFT.
*/
#ifdef RIGHT_SHIFT_IS_UNSIGNED
#define SHIFT_TEMPS INT32 shift_temp;
#define RIGHT_SHIFT(x,shft) \
((shift_temp = (x)) < 0 ? \
(shift_temp >> (shft)) | ((~((INT32) 0)) << (32-(shft))) : \
(shift_temp >> (shft)))
#else
#define SHIFT_TEMPS
#define RIGHT_SHIFT(x,shft) ((x) >> (shft))
#endif
/*
* This routine is specialized to the case DCTSIZE = 8.
*/
#if DCTSIZE != 8
Sorry, this code only copes with 8x8 DCTs. /* deliberate syntax err */
#endif
/*
* A 2-D IDCT can be done by 1-D IDCT on each row followed by 1-D IDCT
* on each column. Direct algorithms are also available, but they are
* much more complex and seem not to be any faster when reduced to code.
*
* The poop on this scaling stuff is as follows:
*
* Each 1-D IDCT step produces outputs which are a factor of sqrt(N)
* larger than the true IDCT outputs. The final outputs are therefore
* a factor of N larger than desired; since N=8 this can be cured by
* a simple right shift at the end of the algorithm. The advantage of
* this arrangement is that we save two multiplications per 1-D IDCT,
* because the y0 and y4 inputs need not be divided by sqrt(N).
*
* We have to do addition and subtraction of the integer inputs, which
* is no problem, and multiplication by fractional constants, which is
* a problem to do in integer arithmetic. We multiply all the constants
* by CONST_SCALE and convert them to integer constants (thus retaining
* CONST_BITS bits of precision in the constants). After doing a
* multiplication we have to divide the product by CONST_SCALE, with proper
* rounding, to produce the correct output. This division can be done
* cheaply as a right shift of CONST_BITS bits. We postpone shifting
* as long as possible so that partial sums can be added together with
* full fractional precision.
*
* The outputs of the first pass are scaled up by PASS1_BITS bits so that
* they are represented to better-than-integral precision. These outputs
* require BITS_IN_JSAMPLE + PASS1_BITS + 3 bits; this fits in a 16-bit word
* with the recommended scaling. (To scale up 12-bit sample data further, an
* intermediate INT32 array would be needed.)
*
* To avoid overflow of the 32-bit intermediate results in pass 2, we must
* have BITS_IN_JSAMPLE + CONST_BITS + PASS1_BITS <= 26. Error analysis
* shows that the values given below are the most effective.
*/
#ifdef EIGHT_BIT_SAMPLES
#define PASS1_BITS 2
#else
#define PASS1_BITS 1 /* lose a little precision to avoid overflow */
#endif
#define ONE ((INT32) 1)
#define CONST_SCALE (ONE << CONST_BITS)
/* Convert a positive real constant to an integer scaled by CONST_SCALE.
* IMPORTANT: if your compiler doesn't do this arithmetic at compile time,
* you will pay a significant penalty in run time. In that case, figure
* the correct integer constant values and insert them by hand.
*/
#define FIX(x) ((INT32) ((x) * CONST_SCALE + 0.5))
/* Descale and correctly round an INT32 value that's scaled by N bits.
* We assume RIGHT_SHIFT rounds towards minus infinity, so adding
* the fudge factor is correct for either sign of X.
*/
#define DESCALE(x,n) RIGHT_SHIFT((x) + (ONE << ((n)-1)), n)
/* Multiply an INT32 variable by an INT32 constant to yield an INT32 result.
* For 8-bit samples with the recommended scaling, all the variable
* and constant values involved are no more than 16 bits wide, so a
* 16x16->32 bit multiply can be used instead of a full 32x32 multiply;
* this provides a useful speedup on many machines.
* There is no way to specify a 16x16->32 multiply in portable C, but
* some C compilers will do the right thing if you provide the correct
* combination of casts.
* NB: for 12-bit samples, a full 32-bit multiplication will be needed.
*/
#ifdef EIGHT_BIT_SAMPLES
#ifdef SHORTxSHORT_32 /* may work if 'int' is 32 bits */
#define MULTIPLY(var,const) (((INT16) (var)) * ((INT16) (const)))
#endif
#ifdef SHORTxLCONST_32 /* known to work with Microsoft C 6.0 */
#define MULTIPLY(var,const) (((INT16) (var)) * ((INT32) (const)))
#endif
#endif
#ifndef MULTIPLY /* default definition */
#define MULTIPLY(var,const) ((var) * (const))
#endif
/* Precomputed idct value arrays. */
static DCTELEM PreIDCT[64][64];
/* Pre compute singleton coefficient IDCT values. */
void
init_pre_idct() {
int i;
void j_rev_dct();
for (i=0; i<64; i++) {
memset((char *) PreIDCT[i], 0, 64*sizeof(DCTELEM));
PreIDCT[i][i] = 2048;
j_rev_dct(PreIDCT[i]);
}
}
#ifndef ORIG_DCT
/*
* Perform the inverse DCT on one block of coefficients.
*/
void
j_rev_dct_sparse (data, pos)
DCTBLOCK data;
int pos;
{
register DCTELEM *dataptr;
short int val;
DCTELEM *ndataptr;
int scale, coeff, rr;
register int *dp;
register int v;
/* If DC Coefficient. */
if (pos == 0) {
dp = (int *)data;
v = *data;
/* Compute 32 bit value to assign. This speeds things up a bit */
if (v < 0) val = (v-3)>>3;
else val = (v+4)>>3;
v = val | (val << 16);
dp[0] = v; dp[1] = v; dp[2] = v; dp[3] = v;
dp[4] = v; dp[5] = v; dp[6] = v; dp[7] = v;
dp[8] = v; dp[9] = v; dp[10] = v; dp[11] = v;
dp[12] = v; dp[13] = v; dp[14] = v; dp[15] = v;
dp[16] = v; dp[17] = v; dp[18] = v; dp[19] = v;
dp[20] = v; dp[21] = v; dp[22] = v; dp[23] = v;
dp[24] = v; dp[25] = v; dp[26] = v; dp[27] = v;
dp[28] = v; dp[29] = v; dp[30] = v; dp[31] = v;
return;
}
/* Some other coefficient. */
dataptr = (DCTELEM *)data;
coeff = dataptr[pos];
ndataptr = PreIDCT[pos];
for (rr=0; rr<4; rr++) {
dataptr[0] = (ndataptr[0] * coeff) >> (CONST_BITS-2);
dataptr[1] = (ndataptr[1] * coeff) >> (CONST_BITS-2);
dataptr[2] = (ndataptr[2] * coeff) >> (CONST_BITS-2);
dataptr[3] = (ndataptr[3] * coeff) >> (CONST_BITS-2);
dataptr[4] = (ndataptr[4] * coeff) >> (CONST_BITS-2);
dataptr[5] = (ndataptr[5] * coeff) >> (CONST_BITS-2);
dataptr[6] = (ndataptr[6] * coeff) >> (CONST_BITS-2);
dataptr[7] = (ndataptr[7] * coeff) >> (CONST_BITS-2);
dataptr[8] = (ndataptr[8] * coeff) >> (CONST_BITS-2);
dataptr[9] = (ndataptr[