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@072 CHAP 11
@CODE: MI
@CODE:NF
┌───────────────────────────────────────┐
│ THE MICHIGAN "SINGLE BUSINESS TAX" │
└───────────────────────────────────────┘
Businesses are taxed in Michigan under a relatively uniform
tax system, applicable to all forms of business organizations.
There is no income tax, as such, on business income, although
the "Single Business Tax" is very much like an income tax,
albeit with some major differences. To some extent, it also
substitutes for the Michigan property tax on intangibles as
well, since intangible assets of a business that is subject
to the Single Business Tax are exempt from the ad valorem
tax on intangible property.
Because your firm does business in the state of Michigan, the
Single Business Tax applies to @NAME.
The tax base for the Single Business Tax, for sole
proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, joint
ventures, estates, trusts, financial institutions, joint
ventures and associations having business activity in
Michigan is essentially federal taxable income with the
following adjustments:
. Add back employee compensation;
. Eliminate any interest income received or interest
expense incurred;
. Deduct the entire cost of capital assets acquired
during the taxable year ("capital acquisition
deduction"), but add back the depreciation
deductions claimed for federal income tax purposes;
. Upon sale of capital assets, the capital acquisition
deduction is recaptured to the extent of the sales
proceeds; and
. Exclude 100% of any dividends or oil and gas
royalties received by corporations subject to the
Single Business Tax.
Thus, in effect, the Single Business Tax is not an income
tax but a tax based on value-added or economic size (that
is, selling price of produced goods less the cost the raw
material used in production). The tax base and the 2.35%
tax rate are generally the same for all entities, although
there are exceptions. Unincorporated businesses and S
corporations are eligible for a credit against the Single
Business Tax and, where certain requirements are met,
partnerships, S corporations and professional corporations
are eligible for substantial additional statutory exemptions
of up to $48,000, depending upon the number of partners or
shareholders.
Under 1994 tax reduction legislation, taxpayers with gross
receipts of less than $137,500 in 1994 or $250,000 for years
after 1994 are not required to file. The SBT tax rate is
also reduced from 2.35% to 2.3%, effective October 1, 1994.
Small business taxpayers may instead pay under an alternative
tax calculation, where they do not pay the SBT.
Note that the Single Business Tax taxes all businesses as
though they are corporations, imposing the tax at the entity
level, even though the business may be conducted as a sole
proprietorship or partnership.
If the business is unincorporated, or is an S corporation,
its TAXABLE income passes through to the individual owners
and is subject to Michigan personal income tax at the
individual's level, just as for federal income tax purposes.
The amount taxable to the partners, etc. is determined
under income tax principles, without regard to the Single
Business Tax base, which is determined at the entity level.
The Single Business Tax return for a business entity is due
at the end of the fourth month following its taxable year-end.
The Michigan Single Business Tax law allows a substantial
tax credit to a person whose gross receipts do not exceed
$10 million for the current tax year, subject to certain
limitations, based on maximum levels of "adjusted business
income."
@IF101MI]-------------------------------------------------------------
@IF101MI]Applicability to @NAME:
@IF101MI]Since your firm has averaged over $10 million a year in gross
@IF101MI]receipts for the last 3 years, it appears unlikely that it
@IF101MI]would be able to qualify for this credit.
@IF101MI]-------------------------------------------------------------
@IF104MI]-------------------------------------------------------------
@IF104MI]Applicability to @NAME:
@IF104MI]Since your firm has averaged less than $10 million a year in
@IF104MI]gross receipts for the last 3 years, it appears that it may
@IF104MI]able to qualify for this credit.
@IF104MI]-------------------------------------------------------------
Legislation enacted January 9, 1996 provides that, for those
businesses that must apportion sales, payroll and property to
Michigan, the apportionment formula (currently 50%-weighted
for the sales factor, 25% each for payroll and property
located in Michigan) will be even more heavily weighted in
favor of the sales factor. After December 31, 1996, the sales
factor will increase to 80% (payroll and property factors each
10%), and after December 31, 1998, the sales factor will be
weighted 90%, the other factors only 5% each, in apportioning
income to Michigan for purposes of the SBT.
The new legislation also broadens the small business exemption
from the SBT, but reduces the SBT small business credit in
some instances.