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CHAPTER.1
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1993-07-21
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CHAPTER 1
THE HARDWARE
Computer HARD-ware is the external "machinery" of the
computer! In a Personal Computer (PC) there is usually 5
different parts or components that make up the whole: or
the SYSTEM. The MONITOR, the KEYBOARD, the COMPUTER UNIT,
the PRINTER, the MOUSE. These are the basics. Let's look
at each one for a brief moment:
1 - The MONITOR is the TV Screen which doesn't get
any stations: but what it will get gives you graphics
or computer images both of text and pictures or
images of various kinds. Depending on the type of
video instructions available in your computer you can
get images that look like cartoons (CGA) to images that
look like photographs (VGA) This is connected to the
Main Computer Unit by means of a cable (bundle of wires),
and another cable (cord) is plugged into a wall socket.
2 - The KEYBOARD is the combination typewriter
keyboard and mathematical calculator along with a
few other "function" keys which are used in various
programs to accomplish certain tasks quickly and
easily. It is connected only to the Main Computer
Unit, by means of a cable.
3 - The Main COMPUTER UNIT. This is the heavy,
rectangular piece of equipment the dealer told you
to be VERY careful moving around! What he told you
is true ... but you don't have to be paranoid about
it and tip-toe around the console!!! It is built to
withstand an ordinary amount of shocks and jolts!
Inside of this cabinet is the "guts" and "brains" of
the computer system. It contains the "motherboard"
or main electronic circuit board with all kinds of
components either plugged in or soldered into place.
The "brains" of the unit : the CPU or Central
Processor Unit is where all of the major activity in
the operation of the computer is processed...It
generally looks like a 2" square component piece
that is plugged into the mainboard. It used to take 3
or 4 huge rooms full of computer equipment to
accomplish what this little piece of plastic, silicon and
wire do now! Amazing! The CPU in a "286" model can process
two bytes of information at a time (called 16-bit) , making
it speedier than the "88" predecessor which only could
handle one byte at a time. A "386" can process 4 bytes of
information at a time (32-bit). A "486" has the same 32-bit
but can also do elaborate mathematical procedures very
rapidly by using the math coprocessor chip that comes with
it! You can add on a math coprocessor to the 286 and 386
by adding a chip called a 287 and a 387.
4 - The PRINTER, is a printer! That was easy! Once
data (information) has been prepared - it can be
printed out on paper with the help of a printer that
has an "interface" or electronic plug in which it
talks to the CPU and gets the information it needs
to print out on paper! There are a variety of printer
types depending on the quality of copy that you want to
make. The most letter perfect and professional looking
copies probably come from laser-jet printers. The spacing
between lines in a character for example are so close that
it looks solid. Whereas in dot-matrix printers, a bunch of
dots are sprayed to make a character. Dots are round and
can therefore not give as good and crisp a quality per
character as can laser printing. That just makes sense!
Laser printers are also quite expensive - you have to
always pay for the best in anything! Most people with home
computers have DOT-MATRIX printers. Printers can also print
in color, not a whole rainbow, but at least 4, which makes
for more attractive presentations. Color printers, you
guessed it, costs more than a regular black and white. Most
people have the good 'ol black and white!
5 - The MOUSE, is a mousey looking object! which is
a device that helps make running programs much
easier and faster by moving the "cursor" or point of
operation around instantly anywhere on the screen!
There are usually two buttons at the top of the unit which
when hit either one or the other will cause various things
to happen on the screen. "Clicking" the buttons on the
mouse (striking them two times in succession very rapidly)
can even activate parts of the program rather than
typing in commands. Objects on the screen can sometimes be
"dragged" or moved around using the mouse! Each program
which uses a mouse, or "supports" a mouse has it own
directions on what the pressing the buttons on the mouse
will do.
There are many varieties of each of these components, but
for the most part each resembles its own kind. A monitor
is a monitor, a keyboard is a keyboard etc ..... the only
radical difference would be a "tower" case in place of a
desktop unit. The "guts" of the desktop unit can be
transferred to a tall rectangular "tower" which can be
placed on the floor (or a smaller version that can also be
placed on a desktop, but usually off to the side someplace.
The advantages of having a tower are many, some of which are:
more desktop space, and a lot more room to add on component
parts to the system, like CD-ROM and tape drives and additional
floppy drives etc. Towers are relatively inexpensive but be
very careful when making the switch that all the wiring is
redone correctly! Irrepairable damage can be done if it is not
done correctly! (yes, I am speaking from experience on that
one!)
The monitor, the printer and the computer unit itself each
must be plugged into electrical sockets.... the best way to
do this is to plug a 6 or 8 socket power-surge-strip into a
single plug power-surge device and then plug that into the
wall, and then plug each component into the strip. This
gives double protection in case of a power surge coming in
from the outside, say during a thunderstorm or even the ordin-
ary amounts of surge that happen during a normal day in any
household. Sudden increased voltage could destroy the computer
components and all the data in it! Something to be avoided
at all costs. So double protection here is not too much.
Also, each component needs to be connected to the
mainboard...(main computer unit). This is done using
special cables that contain wiring and wiring interface
devices that allow information to pass to and from each
component.
This inital setting up of