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INTRO.TUT
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1992-01-25
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WELCOME TO PC-LEARN!
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WHAT IS PC-LEARN?
PC-Learn is for beginners! PC-LEARN is a series of short, basic
tutorials every new PC owner should read. Think of PC-LEARN as a
diskette "booklet" of useful information, tips, tricks and
reference articles. I've had the good fortune to teach
many beginners during the first few weeks when the computer is
born into a waiting office or home. The most important thing
missing from the packing box is a teacher who can answer those
endless questions and provide those necessary "insider tips."
The most effective way to use PC-LEARN isn't very high tech.
Just read it on screen and make notes. Print a paper copy of
tutorials you like. PC-LEARN is an essential distillation of
hundreds of books, magazines, advertisements and many hours
of instructional time with beginners.
PC-LEARN is SHAREWARE: please make disk copies for your friends
and office associates. Please pay the registration fee to continue
legal use of your copy of PC-LEARN and receive two valuable BONUS
DISKS! Information on registration is contained in the tutorials
marked "registration" and "print registration" on the main menu.
Some businesses use PC-LEARN to teach new employees about computer
use. Site and LAN licenses are available. Custom versions with
your company or club address, logo, telephone or special "custom"
information or tutorials are available. Contact the author.
For those using the high speed color popdown menu system, note
the information bar at the bottom of the screen for clues
about what keys you can use. The F1 key on your keyboard brings
up small help screens. The F2 key or the escape key brings up menus.
Use right/left arrow keys to select a menu and up/down arrow keys
to select a menu item. Then press enter/return key to examine the
menu item and thus read a tutorial.
For those running PC-Learn from two low density 360K floppies,
watch the main menu screen and menu bar at the bottom of the
screen for other options. F1 and F2 will not function.
To move around within the various tutorials in PC-LEARN use
the PAGE UP (Pg Up) and PAGE DOWN (Pg Dn) keys to move one
screen up or down. The up/down arrow keys move you one line.
These keys are common to all tutorials. Always glance at the
reminder bar at the bottom of the screen for additional clues.
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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY - INPUT, STORAGE, OUTPUT
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Before we examine computer technology let's cover two items
which seem to confuse EVERY computer beginner. It's a wonder
computer manufacturers don't include these two ESSENTIAL points
in instruction books.
First item: Booting.
Many times an instruction manual refers to "booting up" or
"booting DOS" before you can start a program. This means
inserting your DOS diskette in a floppy drive and starting the
machine with the DOS diskette in place. When you see the
familiar A> or C> prompt symbol, you have booted up! If you have
a hard drive which starts the machine automatically, the hard
drive "boots DOS" for you and you do NOT need to use the DOS
diskette. This seems simple, but many beginners are confused by
the term "booting up."
Second item: Working with floppy diskettes.
A standard floppy diskette is either 5 1/4 inches or 3 and 1/2
inches square. To insert a floppy diskette into your computer
drive, first remove it from the paper or plastic slipcover if
one protects it. The proper way to insert a floppy diskette in
most drives is as follows.
For larger 5 - 1/4 inch floppies, turn the printed label side up
and locate the TWO VERY TINY notches along one edge. Near the
notches will be a jelly bean shaped hole about one inch long cut
into the plastic surface of the diskette. This oblong hole is
the read/write opening. Insert the diskette into the drive with
the label side up and the two tiny notches FIRST into the drive
opening then close the drive locking handle. Along one edge of
the diskette you will also see a SINGLE square shaped hole which
is the write protect notch. If this write protect notch is
UNCOVERED you can BOTH read and write data to the diskette. If
the write protect notch is covered with a piece of tape, then
you can READ information from the diskette but you CANNOT write
information to the diskette. This is a safeguard feature you may
wish to use from time to time. Keep fragile diskettes away from
smoke, hair, dirt and ESPECIALLY sources of magnetism such as
motors, loudspeakers or even childrens magnetic toys which may
ERASE your data!
For smaller 3 - 1/2 inch size diskettes, turn the label side up
and locate the metal "shutter". Insert the diskette into the
drive with the label up and the shutter FIRST into the drive.
The write protect notch or opening is a small square hole with a
SLIDING PLASTIC TAB which is slid CLOSED (cannot see an open
hole) to enable BOTH reading and writing to the diskette. The
sliding tab is placed OPEN (visible open hole) to enable reading
but NOT writing.
Here is how to tell the different densities of various diskettes
your computer might need: a standard 5 - 1/4 inch, 360K
(Kilobyte) diskette has a plastic reinforcing ring around the
center hole. A 1.2MB (Megabyte) diskette does not. Small 3 - 1/2
inch, 720K diskettes have one small notch cut in the plastic
diskette casing while 1.44MB diskettes have two notches.
Time to move on to basic computer technology . . .
Computers vary widely in size and use. However all computers are
similar in what the hardware does. So-called microcomputers
(like your desktop pc) are designed for personal use, relatively
low price, and modest data processing tasks. Minicomputers are
moderate sized (a small refrigerator size) and perform more
complex tasks with larger amounts of data. Minicomputers might
be used in a small engineering office or a local bank branch to
send transaction data to a head office computer. Mainframe
computers are large, expensive and process billions of
characters of data rapidly and fill entire rooms. Finally
supercomputers are built to minimize distance between circuit
boards and operate at very high speed for complex uses such as
designing airplanes, animating complex movie sequences
graphically or solving complex engineering formulas having
billions of steps mathematically. Supercomputers are built for
raw speed.
Some terms apply to all computers. INPUT is how data gets into a
computer. The keyboard and mouse are familiar INPUT devices.
OUTPUT references how data is provided from the computer. A
Monitor or printer are good examples of OUTPUT devices. PRIMARY
STORAGE or MEMORY is the computer's immediate data storage area
- usually this is in small integrated circuit chips which hold
data ONLY while power is supplied. This PRIMARY STORAGE area is
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