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M9610015.TXT
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1996-01-30
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Document 0015
DOCN M9610015
TI Instability of delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test anergy in human
immunodeficiency virus infection.
DT 9601
AU Caiaffa WT; Graham NM; Galai N; Rizzo RT; Nelson KE; Vlahov D;
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and; Public
Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
SO Arch Intern Med. 1995 Oct 23;155(19):2111-7. Unique Identifier :
AIDSLINE MED/96011571
AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate stability of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)
skin test over time in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive
and HIV-seronegative injecting drug users. METHOD: A community-based
cohort of injecting drug users who had serial skin testing with purified
protein derivative tuberculin, mumps, and Candida albicans antigen.
Delayed-type hypersensitivity anergy was defined as a skin test result
of less than 3 mm for all three antigens; DTH positivity was a skin test
result of 3 mm or greater for at least one antigen (Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, 1993). RESULTS: At baseline, 36% of
HIV-seropositive subjects (n = 401) were anergic as compared with 14% of
HIV-seronegative subjects (n = 552; P < .001). During follow-up, fewer
HIV-seropositive subjects remained DTH positive (42%) and more remained
anergic (19%) than of HIV-seronegative subjects (67% and 7%,
respectively). Twenty-four percent of HIV-seropositive subjects who were
initially DTH positive became anergic as compared with 15.3% of the
HIV-seronegative subjects. However, the proportion changing from anergy
to DTH positivity was greater among HIV-seropositive subjects (15%) than
HIV-seronegative subjects (12%). In comparison to those who remained DTH
positive, HIV-seropositive subjects with CD4 cell counts of less than
0.50 x 10(9)/L (odds ratio = 6.4) and less than 0.35 x 10(9)/L (odds
ratio = 11.2) were more likely to remain anergic than those who had CD4
cell counts above 0.50 x 10(9)/L or were HIV seronegative. CONCLUSIONS:
Although the prevalence and incidence of DTH anergy were higher in
HIV-seropositive subjects, high rates of change in DTH status occurred
in both directions. This suggests that instability of DTH skin testing
is substantial and only partially dependent on HIV status. Although a
single test may be an unreliable indicator of HIV-induced
immunosuppression, two consecutive anergic readings were strongly
associated with a CD4 cell count below 0.50 x 10(9)/L and particularly
below 0.35 x 10(9)/L. For determining false negativity of tuberculin
tests, persistent DTH anergy is more reliable than a single test among
HIV-seropositive injecting drug users. Anergy testing appears to be
unnecessary with CD4 cell counts greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/L.
DE Adult Aged Candida albicans/IMMUNOLOGY *Clonal Anergy Cohort Studies
Cross-Sectional Studies CD4 Lymphocyte Count Human Hypersensitivity,
Delayed/*IMMUNOLOGY HIV Infections/ETIOLOGY/*IMMUNOLOGY HIV
Seropositivity/IMMUNOLOGY Middle Age Mumps/IMMUNOLOGY Odds Ratio
Risk Factors Sensitivity and Specificity *Skin Tests Substance Abuse,
Intravenous/COMPLICATIONS Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Tuberculin Test
JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).