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1996-01-30
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Document 0502
DOCN M9610502
TI Occupational health and safety emergencies.
DT 9601
AU Goupil MT; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of;
Connecticut, School of Dental Medicine, Newington, USA.
SO Dent Clin North Am. 1995 Jul;39(3):637-47. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96045160
AB When considering potentials emergencies in the dental office, one
usually first thinks about potential drug reactions or adverse response
to underlying systemic diseases. The rare, but potential, emergencies
arising from the office environment itself also exist. Toxic reactions
to various chemicals found in the office must be considered also.
Adequate ventilation helps prevent the long-term consequences of
breathing nitrous oxide and chemclave exhaust. Care must be taken in
obtaining complete medical histories. Identify patients with
communicable diseases such as TB. The potential for transmission of
these infections to office staff and other patients exists. Health
histories must include the ability to identify patients with latex
sensitivity. The increased use of latex products among health care
workers has resulted in a higher incidence of latex sensitivity. The
office staff must be prepared to recognize and quickly treat
anaphylactic reactions. A latex-free environment must be provided for
high-risk patients. Even with the use of universal precautions, blood
contamination exposures and needle sticks will still occur. Protect
office staff against hepatitis through the administration of a hepatitis
prevention vaccine. Establish a protocol in advance for handling blood
exposure incidents. Update the patient history to determine potential
risk. The exposed individual must receive counseling as to the potential
risk of HIV infection. If there is a potential risk of HIV
contamination, the exposed individual must be offered the opportunity to
initiate prophylactic chemotherapy within 1 hour of exposure. Even
though occupational health and safety emergencies are rare, they must be
considered and planned for. Contingency plans, such as providing a
latex-free environment, must be available for preventing emergencies.
The office staff must be prepared to treat immediate emergencies such as
anaphylaxis and caustic material spills. Arrangements must be available
to quickly handle exposure to communicable infections.
DE Air Pollutants, Occupational Air Pollution, Indoor/PREVENTION & CONTROL
Dental Offices *Dental Staff *Dentists Disease Transmission,
Patient-to-Professional/PREVENTION & CONTROL *Emergencies Hepatitis
B/PREVENTION & CONTROL/TRANSMISSION Hepatitis B Vaccines Human
Hypersensitivity/PREVENTION & CONTROL HIV Infections/PREVENTION &
CONTROL/TRANSMISSION Occupational Diseases/*PREVENTION & CONTROL
Occupational Health JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).