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1996-01-30
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Document 0639
DOCN M9610639
TI Community-acquired pneumonia: impact of immune status.
DT 9601
AU Mundy LM; Auwaerter PG; Oldach D; Warner ML; Burton A; Vance E; Gaydos
CA; Joseph JM; Gopalan R; Moore RD; et al; Department of Medicine, Johns
Hopkins Medical Institutions,; Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
SO Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Oct;152(4 Pt 1):1309-15. Unique
Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96023209
AB This cross-sectional and prospective one year study evaluated adults
admitted to an inner city hospital with community-acquired pneumonia.
The study used extensive diagnostic methods to evaluate the etiologies
of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients with differing
immunologic status. Of 385 study patients, concurrent problems
associated with immunosuppression were noted in 221 (57%) patients, 180
of whom were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected. The five most
common causes of community-acquired pneumonia were: Streptococcus
pneumoniae, Pneumocystis carinii, aspiration, Hemophilus influenzae, and
gram-negative bacilli. Only 8.3% of patients had either Legionella,
Chlamydia pneumoniae or Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Despite use of
state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques, no diagnosis was made in 46 of
180 (25.6%) HIV-infected patients, 56 of 164 (34.1%) immunocompetent
patients, and 20 of 41 (48.8%) non-HIV-infected immunosuppressed
patients. The diagnostic yield of pre-antibiotic sputum culture for
conventional bacteria was 99/155 (63.9%) compared to 52 of 169 patients
(32.7%) with adequate post-antibiotic sputum culture (p < 0.0001).
Although S. pneumonia continues to be the most commonly identified
etiologic agent of community-acquired pneumonia, it is surpassed by P.
carinii in the HIV-infected patient population. The apparent decline in
the frequency of S. pneumoniae in our series presumably reflects
administration of antibiotics prior to procurement of sputum culture.
The paucity of atypical agents in this study support the current
American Thoracic Society guidelines for selective use of macrolide
therapy in immunocompetent adults hospitalized with community-acquired
pneumonia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DE Adult AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*IMMUNOLOGY/
MICROBIOLOGY Baltimore/EPIDEMIOLOGY Community-Acquired
Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY/ MICROBIOLOGY Comparative Study
Cross-Sectional Studies Female Human *Immunocompromised Host Male
Middle Age Pneumonia/EPIDEMIOLOGY/*IMMUNOLOGY/MICROBIOLOGY Pneumonia,
Pneumocystis carinii/EPIDEMIOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY Prospective Studies
JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).