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1996-02-26
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Document 0194
DOCN M9620194
TI Pulmonary sarcoidosis: a mimic of respiratory infection.
DT 9602
AU Blackmon GM; Raghu G; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Medicine, University of; Washington Medical Center, Seattle 98195, USA.
SO Semin Respir Infect. 1995 Sep;10(3):176-86. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96087953
AB Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic multisystem disorder with several clinical
and roentgenographic features suggestive of respiratory infection. In
the absence of infection, it is characterized by the microscopic
presence of noncaseating epithelioid granuloma in affected tissues. When
present, constitutional symptoms, fever, coughing, and exertional
dyspnea usually develop insidiously, although occasionally Lofgren's
syndrome--the triad of bilateral hilar adenopathy, erythema nodosum and
polyarticular arthritis--may herald the onset of acute disease.
Pulmonary involvement is the roentgenographic hallmark of sarcoidosis;
bilateral hilar adenopathy is the most common manifestation. However,
parenchymal infiltrates and pleural effusion may occur. Although
numerous bacterial and fungal organisms may mimic the clinical and
roentgenographic features of sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and fungal
infections associated with granulomatous inflammation are the infectious
processes most apt to cause diagnostic confusion. Several diagnostic
clues are available to the clinician confronted with the consideration
of sarcoidosis. Roentgenographic staging of the disorder (stage 0,
normal radiograph; stage I, isolated bilateral hilar adenopathy; stage
II, hilar adenopathy and parenchymal involvement; stage III, isolated
parenchymal involvement; and stage IV, parenchymal fibrosis) provides a
framework on which a differential diagnosis of likely infectious agents
may be constructed and a history of travel to regions of endemic fungal
infection may further narrow the differential diagnosis. An unexplained
exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion or CD-4 lymphocyte predominance
in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid may also suggest a diagnosis of
sarcoidosis. However, the definitive diagnosis of sarcoidosis is
dependent upon the histological demonstration of noncaseating granuloma
and the exclusion of infection in the appropriate clinical and
roentgenographic setting.
DE Adult AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis,
Differential Female Human Lung/RADIOGRAPHY Lung Diseases,
Fungal/DIAGNOSIS Male Respiratory Tract Infections/*DIAGNOSIS
Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary/*DIAGNOSIS/EPIDEMIOLOGY Tuberculosis,
Pulmonary/DIAGNOSIS JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).