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- Document 0248
- DOCN M9620248
- TI Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of high-dose zidovudine
- administered as a continuous infusion in patients with cancer.
- DT 9602
- AU Marchbanks K; Dudley MN; Posner MR; Darnowski J; Department of Pharmacy,
- New Hanover Regional Medical Center,; Wilmington, North Carolina, USA.
- SO Pharmacotherapy. 1995 Jul-Aug;15(4):451-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
- MED/96090564
- AB STUDY OBJECTIVE. To investigate the pharmacokinetics and
- pharmacodynamics of high-dose intravenous zidovudine (ZDV). DESIGN.
- Phase 1, dose-escalating, unblinded study in patients with cancer.
- SETTING. A university-affiliated cancer treatment center. PATIENTS.
- Fourteen patients (6 women) with solid tumors that were unresponsive to
- standard therapy received 31 courses of therapy. INTERVENTIONS.
- Intravenous ZDV was administered in doses of 2, 3, 4, 5.5, 7, 8.5, 10,
- 12, 15, or 20 g/m2/day as a continuous infusion over 48 hours. Patients
- also received fluorouracil plus leucovorin for 24 hours before the start
- of and during the ZDV infusion. If no dose-limiting toxicities were
- encountered, subsequent doses were escalated. Blood samples were
- collected at 24 and 48 hours after the start of the infusion, and hourly
- for 4 hours after stopping the infusion. Urine was collected in five
- patients during the infusion and for 24 hours after stopping it. Blood
- for measuring peripheral white blood cells was collected before and at
- the end of the infusion in seven patients to measure DNA chain breaks
- due to incorporation of ZDV. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS. Zidovudine
- was measured in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and in
- urine fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Its incorporation into DNA
- was measured by determining DNA strand breakage in peripheral white
- blood cells using fluorescence analysis. Pharmacokinetic models were fit
- to plasma ZDV concentrations using extended least squares regression.
- Short-term high-dose ZDV was generally well tolerated, with adverse
- effects related to large amounts of free water administered during the
- infusion. The mean (SD) ZDV pharmacokinetic values were total clearance
- 1.44 (1.09) L/hr/kg, volume of distribution 2.72 (2.97) L/kg, and
- half-life 1.2 (0.6) hours. There was considerable interpatient
- variability in total drug clearance. Although ZDV exposure increased
- proportionately with increasing dose, two of three patients receiving
- the highest dose (20 g/m2/day) had markedly low total drug clearances.
- The relation between the percentage of abnormal DNA in peripheral white
- blood cells and zidovudine area under the plasma ZDV versus time curve
- was described by the Emax pharmacodynamic model. CONCLUSIONS. The
- pharmacokinetics of high-dose ZDV administered by continuous infusion to
- patients with cancer are similar to those reported with lower doses in
- patients with infection due to the human immunodeficiency virus. Further
- study of potential nonlinear pharmacokinetic behavior at doses above 20
- g/m2/day is necessary. The high between-patient variability in ZDV
- clearance results in variable levels of exposure in vivo, and indicates
- the need for concentration- or effect-controlled study designs in the
- further evaluation of the agent's antineoplastic effects.
- DE Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/
- *PHARMACOKINETICS Antineoplastic Agents,
- Combined/METABOLISM/THERAPEUTIC USE Chromatography, High Pressure
- Liquid Comparative Study Female Fluorouracil/METABOLISM/THERAPEUTIC
- USE Hospitals, University Human Infusions, Intravenous
- Leucovorin/METABOLISM/THERAPEUTIC USE Male Neoplasms/DRUG
- THERAPY/*METABOLISM Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Support, U.S. Gov't,
- P.H.S. Zidovudine/ADMINISTRATION &
- DOSAGE/PHARMACOLOGY/*PHARMACOKINETICS CLINICAL TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE
-
- SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
- protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).
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