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Document 0248
DOCN M9620248
TI Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of high-dose zidovudine
administered as a continuous infusion in patients with cancer.
DT 9602
AU Marchbanks K; Dudley MN; Posner MR; Darnowski J; Department of Pharmacy,
New Hanover Regional Medical Center,; Wilmington, North Carolina, USA.
SO Pharmacotherapy. 1995 Jul-Aug;15(4):451-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96090564
AB STUDY OBJECTIVE. To investigate the pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics of high-dose intravenous zidovudine (ZDV). DESIGN.
Phase 1, dose-escalating, unblinded study in patients with cancer.
SETTING. A university-affiliated cancer treatment center. PATIENTS.
Fourteen patients (6 women) with solid tumors that were unresponsive to
standard therapy received 31 courses of therapy. INTERVENTIONS.
Intravenous ZDV was administered in doses of 2, 3, 4, 5.5, 7, 8.5, 10,
12, 15, or 20 g/m2/day as a continuous infusion over 48 hours. Patients
also received fluorouracil plus leucovorin for 24 hours before the start
of and during the ZDV infusion. If no dose-limiting toxicities were
encountered, subsequent doses were escalated. Blood samples were
collected at 24 and 48 hours after the start of the infusion, and hourly
for 4 hours after stopping the infusion. Urine was collected in five
patients during the infusion and for 24 hours after stopping it. Blood
for measuring peripheral white blood cells was collected before and at
the end of the infusion in seven patients to measure DNA chain breaks
due to incorporation of ZDV. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS. Zidovudine
was measured in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and in
urine fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Its incorporation into DNA
was measured by determining DNA strand breakage in peripheral white
blood cells using fluorescence analysis. Pharmacokinetic models were fit
to plasma ZDV concentrations using extended least squares regression.
Short-term high-dose ZDV was generally well tolerated, with adverse
effects related to large amounts of free water administered during the
infusion. The mean (SD) ZDV pharmacokinetic values were total clearance
1.44 (1.09) L/hr/kg, volume of distribution 2.72 (2.97) L/kg, and
half-life 1.2 (0.6) hours. There was considerable interpatient
variability in total drug clearance. Although ZDV exposure increased
proportionately with increasing dose, two of three patients receiving
the highest dose (20 g/m2/day) had markedly low total drug clearances.
The relation between the percentage of abnormal DNA in peripheral white
blood cells and zidovudine area under the plasma ZDV versus time curve
was described by the Emax pharmacodynamic model. CONCLUSIONS. The
pharmacokinetics of high-dose ZDV administered by continuous infusion to
patients with cancer are similar to those reported with lower doses in
patients with infection due to the human immunodeficiency virus. Further
study of potential nonlinear pharmacokinetic behavior at doses above 20
g/m2/day is necessary. The high between-patient variability in ZDV
clearance results in variable levels of exposure in vivo, and indicates
the need for concentration- or effect-controlled study designs in the
further evaluation of the agent's antineoplastic effects.
DE Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/
*PHARMACOKINETICS Antineoplastic Agents,
Combined/METABOLISM/THERAPEUTIC USE Chromatography, High Pressure
Liquid Comparative Study Female Fluorouracil/METABOLISM/THERAPEUTIC
USE Hospitals, University Human Infusions, Intravenous
Leucovorin/METABOLISM/THERAPEUTIC USE Male Neoplasms/DRUG
THERAPY/*METABOLISM Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Support, U.S. Gov't,
P.H.S. Zidovudine/ADMINISTRATION &
DOSAGE/PHARMACOLOGY/*PHARMACOKINETICS CLINICAL TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).