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Document 0407
DOCN M9620407
TI The role of CD8+ T lymphocytes in coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis.
DT 9602
AU Henke A; Huber S; Stelzner A; Whitton JL; Department of
Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, La; Jolla, California
92037, USA.
SO J Virol. 1995 Nov;69(11):6720-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96013765
AB Coxsackievirus infections have previously been shown to cause acute or
chronic myocarditis in humans, and several mouse models have been
established to study the pathology of this disease. Myocardial injury
may result from direct viral effects and/or may be immune mediated. To
determine the relative roles of these processes in pathogenesis, we have
compared coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infections of normal and
immuno-compromised transgenic knockout (ko) mice. CVB3 was able to
infect all strains used (C57BL/6, CD4ko, and beta-microglobulin ko [beta
2Mko]), and following intraperitoneal injection, two disease processes
could be distinguished. First, the virus caused early (3 to 7 days
postinfection) death in a viral dose-dependent manner. Immunocompetent
C57BL/6 mice were highly susceptible (50% lethal dose = 70 PFU), while
immunodeficient transgenic ko mice were less susceptible, showing 10-
and 180-fold increases in the 50% lethal dose (for CD4ko and beta 2Mko
mice, respectively). Second, a histologic examination of surviving CD4ko
mice at 7 days postinfection revealed severe myocarditis; the
inflammatory infiltrate comprised 40 to 50% macrophages, 30 to 40% NK
cells, and 10 to 20% CD8+ T lymphocytes. The infiltration resolved over
the following 2 to 3 weeks, with resultant myocardial fibrosis. In vivo
depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes from these CD4ko mice led to a marked
reduction in myocarditis and an increase in myocardial virus titers.
beta 2Mko mice, which lack antiviral CD8+ T cells, are much less
susceptible to early death and to the development of myocarditis. We
conclude that our data support a strong immunopathologic component in
CVB3-induced disease and implicate both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Compared
with immunocompetent animals, (i) mice lacking CD4+ T cells (CD4ko) were
more resistant to virus challenge, and (ii) mice lacking CD8+ T cells
(beta 2Mko and in vivo-depleted CD4ko) showed enhanced survival and a
reduced incidence of the later myocarditis. Nevertheless, the picture is
complex, since (iii) removal of the CD4+ component, while protecting
against early death, greatly magnified the severity of myocarditis, and
(iv) removal of the CD8+ cells from CD4ko mice, although protecting
against early death and later myocarditis, led to markedly increased
virus titers in the heart. These data underscore the complex balance
between the costs and benefits of effective antiviral immune responses.
DE Animal Antibodies, Viral/BIOSYNTHESIS/BLOOD Apoptosis Comparative
Study Coxsackievirus Infections/*IMMUNOLOGY/PATHOLOGY
*Coxsackieviruses B CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*IMMUNOLOGY
Heart/VIROLOGY Immunohistochemistry Lymphocyte Depletion Male Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Mice, Transgenic
Myocarditis/*IMMUNOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/*VIROLOGY Myocardium/PATHOLOGY
Species Specificity Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Support, U.S. Gov't,
P.H.S. Time Factors Tumor Necrosis Factor/ANALYSIS JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).