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1996-02-26
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Document 0454
DOCN M9620454
TI Cell surface morphology identifies microglia as a distinct class of
mononuclear phagocyte.
DT 9602
AU Giulian D; Li J; Bartel S; Broker J; Li X; Kirkpatrick JB; Department of
Neurology, Baylor Center for AIDS Research, Baylor; College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
SO J Neurosci. 1995 Nov;15(11):7712-26. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96066793
AB To investigate differences among brain-derived microglia and other
classes of immune cells, we compared the morphologies and growth
properties of mononuclear phagocytes isolated from tissues of the
newborn rat. Scanning EM shows that microglia from postnatal rat brain
are covered with spines (typically > 20 per cell body) in a distinctive
manner which contrasts the smooth surfaces of bone marrow cells and the
ruffled surfaces of tissue macrophages from spleen, liver, and
peritoneum. The spine-bearing surface of microglia is a specific cell
marker, for it does not change with age or after exposure to cytokines
or other immunostimulants. Approximately 99% of mononuclear phagocytes
cultured from normal adult rat brain are spinous microglia. Five days
after injury to rat brain, cells at sites of Wallerian degeneration are
essentially all spinous ones while nearly 30% of cells found within
areas of infarction or penetrating trauma are invading macrophages. In a
similar way, nearly all cells isolated from normal, postmortem adult
human brain are spine-bearing microglia (> 99% homogeneity). Brains from
patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis contain only spinous
microglia whereas cells from HIV-1 infected brains include significant
numbers of invading ruffled macrophages. Cultured microglia, unlike
cultured bone marrow precursors, monocytes, or tissue macrophages,
spontaneously develop long, thin processes that extend hundreds of
microns in length. Microglia retract these processes after exposure to
fetal bovine serum, laminin, or such immunostimulants as recombinant
murine interferon gamma (rmIFN gamma) and lipopolysaccharide. Of all
types of mononuclear phagocytes tested, only microglia differentiate
into quiescent ramified cells when in contact with astrocytes. Thus,
microglia represent a unique class of cell maintained, in part, by
astroglia as dormant, ramified mononuclear phagocytes in mature CNS.
Application of cell surface criteria described here will allow study of
distinct populations of mononuclear phagocytes associated with
neurologic disorders.
DE Adult Animal Animals, Newborn Astrocytes/PHYSIOLOGY Brain/CYTOLOGY
Cattle Cell Communication Cell Differentiation Cell
Membrane/ULTRASTRUCTURE Cell Survival Cells, Cultured Human Mice
Microglia/CYTOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY/*ULTRASTRUCTURE Microscopy, Electron,
Scanning Microscopy, Fluorescence Phagocytes/*ULTRASTRUCTURE Rats
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).