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1996-02-26
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Document 0624
DOCN M9620624
TI Enhanced and coordinated processing of synapsed viral DNA ends by
retroviral integrases in vitro.
DT 9602
AU Kukolj G; Skalka AM; Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer
Center,; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
SO Genes Dev. 1995 Oct 15;9(20):2556-67. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96033805
AB We have designed novel substrates to investigate the first step in
retroviral integration: the site-specific processing of two nucleotides
from the 3' ends of viral DNA. The substrates consist of short duplex
oligodeoxynucleotides whose sequences match those of the U3 and U5 ends
of viral DNA but are covalently synapsed across the termini by short,
single-strand nucleotide linkers. We show here that the optimal
separation between termini in a synapsed-end substrate for avian
sarcoma/leukosis virus (ASV) IN is 2 nucleotides. This places the two
conserved 5'-CA-3' processing sites 6 nucleotides apart, a separation
equal to the staggered cut in target DNA produced by this enzyme during
the subsequent joining reaction. Based on estimates of initial reaction
rates, this synapsed-end substrate is processed by IN at > 10-fold
higher efficiency than observed with an equivalent mixture of U3 and U5
single-end (uncoupled) substrates. Enhanced processing is maintained at
low IN concentrations, suggesting that the synapsed-end substrate may
facilitate enzyme multimerization. Enhanced processing by HIV-1 IN,
which produces a 5-bp stagger during integration, was observed with a
synapsed-end substrate in which the separation between processing sites
was 5 nucleotides. These observations provide estimates of the distances
between active sites in the multimeric IN-DNA complexes of ASV and
HIV-1. Our results also show that processing of paired U3 and U5 ends
need not be coupled temporally. Finally, we observed that substrates
that paired a wild-type with a mutated terminus were cleaved poorly at
both ends. Thus, in vitro processing of the synapsed-end substrates
requires specific recognition of the sequences at both ends. These
findings provide new insights into the mechanism of integrative
recombination by retroviral integrases and, by extension, other
prokaryotic and eukaryotic transposases that are related to the viral
enzymes.
DE Base Sequence DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/*METABOLISM DNA,
Viral/CHEMISTRY/*METABOLISM HIV-1/*ENZYMOLOGY/GENETICS Molecular
Sequence Data Nucleic Acid Conformation Sarcoma Viruses,
Avian/*ENZYMOLOGY/GENETICS Substrate Specificity Support, Non-U.S.
Gov't Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Virus Integration JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).