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1996-02-26
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Document 0663
DOCN M9620663
TI Presumptive clinical criteria versus endoscopy in the diagnosis of
Candida esophagitis at various HIV-1 disease stages.
DT 9602
AU Antinori A; Antinori A; Ammassari A; Masetti R; De Luca A; Murri R;
Tamburrini E; Magistrelli P; Department of Infectious Diseases, Catholic
University, Rome,; Italy.
SO Endoscopy. 1995 Jun;27(5):371-6. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96026936
AB BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The presumptive diagnosis of Candida
esophagitis has been included in the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
case definition for full-blown AIDS since 1987. Endoscopic examination
should be reserved for patients showing symptoms despite treatment. The
purpose of this study was to assess the degree of diagnostic accuracy of
the CDC presumptive clinical criteria and to determine the usefulness of
upper digestive endoscopy in the diagnosis of Candida esophagitis in
patients infected with HIV-1, with and without a previous AIDS-defining
event. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 144 HIV-1 infected patients who
had undergone an upper digestive endoscopy were studied retrospectively.
To determine the risk and the predictive value of the clinical markers,
only the 84 patients without prior antimycotic therapy were included.
RESULTS: Of the 84 patients without previous treatment, 34 (41%) had a
history of an AIDS-defining illness. Candida esophagitis was found on
endoscopy in 11 of the AIDS and 28 of the non-AIDS cases. Oral thrush,
either alone (relative risk [R.R.] 9.4; 95% C.I. 2.4-36.4; p < 0.01;
positive predictive value [PPV] 82%) or in combination with esophageal
symptoms (R.R. 7.4; 95% C.I. 2.5-21.9; p < 0.01; PPV 89%), was a
reliable marker of Candida esophagitis only in patients with a previous
AIDS-defining event. The diagnostic value of the CDC presumptive pattern
was confirmed by a multivariate analysis after controlling for the CD4
cell count (R.R. 9.3; 95% C.I. 2.3-25.3; p < 0.01). On the other hand,
in HIV-1 positive patients without a previous AIDS-defining event, the
diagnostic accuracy of oral candidiasis, either alone (R.R. 1.4; 95%
C.I. 0.8-2.4; p n.s.; PPV 64%) or in combination with esophageal
symptoms (R.R. 1.1; 95% C.I. 0.7-1.8; p n.s.; PPV 60%), was too low to
allow a reliable diagnosis of Candida esophagitis. CONCLUSIONS: A
presumptive diagnosis of Candida esophagitis on the basis of the CDC
clinical criteria is a valid diagnostic method only in HIV-1 infected
patients with a previous diagnosis of full-blown AIDS. Upper digestive
endoscopy should be performed in symptomatic patients with no history of
an AIDS-defining illness, especially if the diagnosis of esophageal
candidiasis is important for surveillance purposes.
DE Adult AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*DIAGNOSIS/MICROBIOLOGY
Candidiasis/*COMPLICATIONS/*DIAGNOSIS
Esophagitis/*COMPLICATIONS/*DIAGNOSIS/MICROBIOLOGY Female Human HIV
Infections/*COMPLICATIONS *HIV-1 Male Middle Age Retrospective
Studies Sensitivity and Specificity JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).