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1996-02-26
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Document 0715
DOCN M9620715
TI Pharmacokinetic optimisation of antiretroviral therapy in patients with
HIV infection.
DT 9602
AU Stretcher BN; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
University of; Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA.
SO Clin Pharmacokinet. 1995 Jul;29(1):46-65. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96065832
AB More than 7 years after the introduction of zidovudine for treatment of
HIV infection, little use has been made of the pharmacokinetic
properties of this or any of the subsequently approved antiretroviral
agents to optimise therapy. This is partly because of the limits of
technologies developed to measure clinically relevant forms and
concentrations of these drugs, and partly because the clinical community
has been slow to recognise the potential benefits of pharmacokinetic
optimisation of nucleoside analogue therapy in any disease. Nonetheless,
for some of these agents, progress in understanding the relationship
between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics has been made. With
zidovudine, for example, even though plasma concentrations have little
clinical utility, evidence suggests that concentrations of active
phosphorylated forms of zidovudine inside target cells are related to
disease progression and toxicity. Furthermore, a decreased ability to
phosphorylate zidovudine might be a prerequisite for the emergence of
zidovudine-resistant HIV strains. Measurements of phosphorylated
zidovudine inside cells similarly suggest that 100 mg of oral zidovudine
every 8 hours approximates the optimal initial dosage regimen in
asymptomatic patients. Increased plasma didanosine concentrations have
been associated with several measures of clinical improvement in
patients, and may be associated with an increased risk of toxicity as
well. For zalcitabine and stavudine, however, the picture is much less
clear. Their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships have not
been studied in patients. Furthermore, there is insufficient data on the
effects of age, gender, race and concurrent underlying conditions on the
pharmacokinetics of all of these agents. Mounting evidence suggests that
monitoring of these compounds could lead to individually optimised
intervention strategies. Given the marginal benefits of therapy with
these agents, their proven toxic effects and the lack of proven
alternatives, it is critical that the clinical community strive to make
the most effective use of these agents in the treatment of their
patients.
DE Aging/METABOLISM Antineoplastic Agents/ADMINISTRATION &
DOSAGE/PHARMACOKINETICS/ THERAPEUTIC USE Antiviral
Agents/BLOOD/*PHARMACOKINETICS/THERAPEUTIC USE
Didanosine/BLOOD/PHARMACOKINETICS/THERAPEUTIC USE Drug Interactions
Guidelines Human HIV Infections/*DRUG THERAPY/METABOLISM
Phosphorylation Racial Stocks Sex Characteristics
Stavudine/BLOOD/PHARMACOKINETICS/THERAPEUTIC USE
Zalcitabine/BLOOD/PHARMACOKINETICS/THERAPEUTIC USE
Zidovudine/BLOOD/PHARMACOKINETICS/THERAPEUTIC USE JOURNAL ARTICLE
REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).