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1996-02-26
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Document 1065
DOCN M9621065
TI Effects of aerosolized pentamidine on glucose homeostasis and insulin
secretion in HIV-positive patients: a controlled study.
DT 9602
AU Uzzan B; Bentata M; Campos J; Mosnier A; Krivitzky A; Perret GY;
Modigliani E; Department of Pharmacology-Hormonology, Avicenne Hospital,
CHU; Paris-Nord, Bobigny, France.
SO AIDS. 1995 Aug;9(8):901-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/96014964
AB OBJECTIVE: Intravenous pentamidine induces hypo- and hyperglycaemia
(dose-dependent toxicity on islet beta cells), pancreatitis and
nephrotoxicity. Conversely, aerosolized pentamidine (AP) is usually
devoid of systemic side-effects: few reports of hypo- or hyperglycaemia
have been published. Our study aimed to assess the influence on glucose
homeostasis and insulin secretion of long-term exposure to AP used for
prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-positive patients,
and to compare the impact on insulin secretion of AP, whether
administered for the first time or after prolonged monthly exposure.
DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional controlled study (main objective)
and non-randomized prospective controlled study. PATIENTS: We compared
glucose homeostasis and C peptide response to 1 mg intravenous glucagon
in patients who had previously inhaled > or = 10 prophylactic aerosols
(group 1, n = 21) and in HIV-positive controls (groups 2 and 3, n = 28)
who had received none. Both groups were comparable for age and body-mass
index, but CD4 T-lymphocyte counts and Karnofsky scores were both
significantly higher in the control group. RESULTS: Fasting (T0) blood
glucose, fructosamine and response to the first glucagon test were
similar in both groups, but postprandial glucose, glycated haemoglobin
and fasting C peptide were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the
pentamidine group. A second glucagon test was performed on the same day,
3 h (T3) after AP inhalation in 35 patients (in 21 after > or = 10
aerosols, group 1; in 14 after the first, group 2) and in 14
HIV-positive controls (group 3). The only significant difference between
the three groups in C peptide response to this second test was a lower
peak T3/peak T0 ratio in group 1. Plasma amylase and creatinine were not
altered by the aerosol. CONCLUSION: Long-term prophylactic exposure to
AP had minor but significant effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin
secretion but did not modify pancreatic and renal function. The
detrimental effects induced by long-term exposure to AP found in our
study are probably not clinically relevant, but a more prolonged
exposure to AP might conceivably induce more severe alterations.
DE Administration, Inhalation Adult Aerosols AIDS-Related Opportunistic
Infections/PREVENTION & CONTROL C-Peptide/BLOOD Cross-Sectional
Studies Female Glucose/*METABOLISM Homeostasis/DRUG EFFECTS Human
HIV Infections/*DRUG THERAPY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY Insulin/*SECRETION Islets
of Langerhans/DRUG EFFECTS/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY Male
Pentamidine/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/*ADVERSE EFFECTS Pneumonia,
Pneumocystis carinii/PREVENTION & CONTROL Prospective Studies
Retrospective Studies Time Factors CLINICAL TRIAL CONTROLLED CLINICAL
TRIAL JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).