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1996-03-30
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Document 0968
DOCN M9650968
TI Structure of HIV-1 protease with KNI-272, a tight-binding
transition-state analog containing allophenylnorstatine.
DT 9505
AU Baldwin ET; Bhat TN; Gulnik S; Liu B; Topol IA; Kiso Y; Mimoto T;
Mitsuya H; Erickson JW; Frederick Biomedical Supercomputing Center,
SAIC-Frederick,; NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center,
Maryland; 21702, USA.
SO Structure. 1995 Jun 15;3(6):581-90. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96173007
AB BACKGROUND: HIV-1 protease (HIV PR), an aspartic protease, cleaves
Phe-Pro bonds in the Gag and Gag-Pol viral polyproteins. Substrate-based
peptide mimics constitute a major class of inhibitors of HIV PR
presently being developed for AIDS treatment. One such compound,
KNI-272, which incorporates allophenylnorstatine (Apns)-thioproline
(Thp) in place of Phe-Pro, has potent antiviral activity and is
undergoing clinical trials. The structure of the enzyme-inhibitor
complex should lead to an understanding of the structural basis for its
tight binding properties and provide a framework for interpreting the
emerging resistance to this drug. RESULTS: The three-dimensional crystal
structure of KNI-272 bound to HIV PR has been determined to 2.0 A
resolution and used to analyze structure-activity data and drug
resistance for the Arg8-->Gln and ILe84-->Val mutations in HIV PR. The
conformationally constrained Apns-Thp linkage is favorably recognized in
its low energy trans conformation, which results in a symmetric mode of
binding to the active-site aspartic acids and also explains the unusual
preference of HIV PR for the S, or syn, hydroxyl group of the Apns
residue. The inhibitor recognizes the enzyme via hydrogen bonds to three
bridging water molecules, including one that is coordinated directly to
the catalytic Asp125 residue. CONCLUSIONS: The structure of the HIV
PR/KNI-272 complex illustrates the importance of limiting the
conformational degrees of freedom and of using protein-bound water
molecules for building potent inhibitors. The binding mode of HIV PR
inhibitors can be predicted from the stereochemical relationship between
adjacent hydroxyl-bearing and side chain bearing carbon atoms of the P1
substituent. Our structure also provides a framework for designing
analogs targeted to drug-resistant mutant enzymes.
DE Amino Acid Sequence Antiviral Agents/CHEMISTRY/METABOLISM/PHARMACOLOGY
Binding Sites Comparative Study Crystallography, X-Ray Drug
Resistance, Microbial Hydrogen HIV Protease/*CHEMISTRY/*METABOLISM
HIV Protease Inhibitors/CHEMISTRY/*METABOLISM/PHARMACOLOGY Molecular
Sequence Data Oligopeptides/*CHEMISTRY/METABOLISM/*PHARMACOLOGY
Phenylbutyrates/*CHEMISTRY/METABOLISM Proline/CHEMISTRY Protein
Conformation Structure-Activity Relationship
Water/CHEMISTRY/METABOLISM JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).