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declinat
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1995-02-27
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A magnetic compass, such as the Silva Ranger, points towards Magnetic North.
Most maps are oriented to True North. The difference is the Declination.
Declination is measured in degrees East or West.
I find the conventions of declinations very confusing. Declination in the east
is west, and west is east. Every time, I must think of the physical situation.
Imagine a beach ball made of many pieces, each fat in the middle and tapering
towards the ends. Hold it so that all the pieces come together at the top and
bottom, and the fat parts are horizontal around the middle.
Draw a belt around the middle. Label the top "North Pole", the bottom "South
Pole", the belt "Equator", and the seams "lines of latitude". Now draw in the
continent of North America. It doesn't need to be a good drawing, since it is
entirely imaginary. Now make an "X" a little northwest of Hudson's Bay,
Canada, and label it "Magnetic North". Got that?
Mark a "M" at Massachusetts, "K" at Kentucky, and "C" at California. Draw a
line from Kentucky to Magnetic North and another from Kentucky to True North.
They should be almost overlapping. Do this at Massachusetts. The Magnetic
North line is left or West of the True North line. In California, the Magnetic
North line is to the right or East of the True North line.
There is a declination map for the United States of America in the Silva Ranger
Instruction Manual. (Note that Rensselaer and Washington Counties in New York
have been ceded to Vermont!) If you have a Brunton Model 8040, then there is
even a declination map printed right on the back of the compass mirror.
Declination changes not only from one locality to another, but also with time
at the same locality. In Kentucky, the declination has changed about 5° since
my farm was first surveyed shortly after the War of 1812. In Upstate New York,
the declination has changed about 10° since Kiliaen van Rensselaer "bought"
Rensselaerwyck from the "Indians" in 1635.
The effect of declination on a plot of your deed is to rotate it by that number
of degrees. Big deal. If you don't know the declination where and when your
parcel was surveyed, call it zero and you will have a map oriented to Magnetic
North.
If you have a modem, then you can get the declination for any place and time
from <GEOMAG>, a BBS accessable mainframe program.
Access to the entire text files is thru <CONTENTS>.