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-
- Using HydraCyl ver. 1.2x
- _______________________
-
- E X A M P L E
- _____________
-
-
-
- We have included an example of a hypotetical design to ilustrate the
- step by step procedure involved in HydraCyl.
-
- Design specifications are:
-
- * Cylinder Duty Heavy
-
- * Cylinder Bore Dimension 2 inches
-
- * Cylinder Rod Dimension 1 inch
-
- * Cylinder Stroke 34 inches
-
- * System Flow 25 litres/min
-
- * Pressure 60 bar
-
- * Attached Mass 2300 kg
-
- * Cylinder - Valve distance 150 inches
-
- (The length of pipes between the Cylinder's ports and the Solenoid
- valve)
-
- * Cylinder Mounting Type Intermediate trunnion
-
- * Mounting Orientation The applied massis permanently
- attached to the piston rod stud
- and Cylinder rod extends and
- retracts
-
- * Spacial orientation 35 deg
-
- * Coefficient of Friction 0.15
-
- * Hydraulic Line Dimensions 6 mm (outside diameter)
- 'L' series
-
-
-
-
-
- 1. Run HC.EXE
- 2. Choose 'OK' on form 'About'
- 3. Choose 'Analysis'
- 4. Choose 'Perform Analysis'
-
- You will get a message: 'Cylinder Dimensions must be specified'
-
- 5. Choose 'OK'
-
- Let's say you want a heavy duty 2"/1" cylinder
-
- 6. Click on '( ) Heavy' in the 'Cylinder's Duty' box
- 7. Click on Cylinder Bore Diameter 2.00
- 8. Click on Cylinder Rod Diameter 1.00
- 9. Click on 'OK'
- 10. Choose 'Analysis'
- 11. Choose 'Perform Analysis'
-
- You will get a message: 'Cylinder Operating Parameters must be
- specified'
-
- 12. Choose 'OK'
-
- Let's say the stroke of your cylinder is 34 inches, firstly you
- need to et the correct units.
-
- 13. Choose 'Change Units'
- 14. Click on '( ) inch' in the 'Stroke' box
- (this will be the default unit for stroke until you
- change it back to 'mm')
- 15. Click 'OK'
-
- Now you can enter the stroke.
-
- 16. Click in '[_ ] inch' under the 'Stroke' heading
- 17. Type 43 (OOPS my typing mistake, should be 34)
- 18. Click on 'Clear Values'
- 19. Click on 'Stroke'
- 20. Type 34 (correct value)
-
- Let's say the system flow is 25 lit/min
-
- 21. Click in '[_ ] lit/min' next to the 'System Flow' heading
- 22. Type 25
-
- Let's say the Pressure is 60 bar
-
- 23. Click in '[_ ] bar' next to 'Pressure'
-
- (if it is required change units to 'bar' in the simmilar
- maner as stroke.)
-
- 24. Type 60
-
- Let's say the attached mass is 2300 kg
-
- 25. Click in '[_ ] kg' next to 'Applied Mass'
- 26. Type 2300
-
- Let's say the pipeline length between Cylinder's ports and solenoid
- valve is 150 inches
-
- 27. Click in '[_ ] inch' next to 'Cyl-Valve distance'
- 28. Type 150
- 29. Click 'OK'
- 30. Choose 'Analysis'
- 31. Choose 'Perform Analysis'
-
- You will get a message: 'Cylinder Mounting Type must be specified'
-
- 32. Choose 'OK'
-
- Let's say the cylinder mounting type is 'Intermediate trunnion'
-
- 33. Click on 'View Basic Mount Types (a - p)'
- 34. High resolution picture is shown of all possible mounting
- types. Look for Intermediate trunnion. It is marked by 'b'
- 35. Press any key to get out of diagram.
- 36. Click on 'b0'
- 37. Click 'OK'
- 38. Choose 'Analysis'
- 39. Choose 'Perform Analysis'
-
- You will get a message: 'Cylinder Mounting Orientation Must be
- specified'
-
- 40. Choose 'OK'
-
- Let's say a mass of 2300kg is permanently attached (cylinder rod
- extending and retracting) to cylinder. Cylinder is mounted under 35
- degrees slope, and mass is attached to Piston Rod Stud. Friction
- coefficient is 0.15.
-
- 41. Click on 'View Orientation Diagrams'
- 42. High resolution picture is shown of all mounting orientation
- types. Look for above description. It is marked as '3'
- 43. Press any key to get out of diagram.
- 44. Click on '3'
-
- 45. Click in '[_ ]' next to 'Angle between OX and OZ axis'
- 46. Type 35
-
- 47. Click in '[_ ] kg' next to 'Coefficient of friction'
- 48. Type 0.15
- 49. Click 'OK'
-
- 50. Choose 'Analysis'
- 51. Choose 'Perform Analysis'
-
- You will get a message: Hydraulic Line Dimensions must be specified
-
- 52. Choose 'OK'
-
- Let's say that Hudraulic line between Cylinder port's and Solenoid
- valve are 6mm outside diameter and 'L' series.
-
- 53. Choose 'Metric'
- 54. Click on Outside Diameter Size 6
- 55. Click on Series L
- 56. Click on 'OK'
- 57. Choose 'Analysis'
- 58. Choose 'Perform Analysis'
-
- You will get a message: 'Calculation Complete'
-
- (this means that all relevant data has been entered and now you will
- see the results of HydraCyl's analysis)
-
- 59. Choose 'OK'
-
- You get a Warning: SUPPPLY PRESSURE Required pressure for Cylinder's extending is low, consult Page 5.
-
- 60. Observe top left corner of the screen. There is title:
- Cylinder Data - Page 4 of 5.
-
- 61. Choose 'Page Down'
- 62. Observe Min.Total Pressure Rod Extending = 87.00 bar
-
- Now we will make changes to our specifications to try to
- overcome this design problem.
-
- 63. Choose 'Cylinder' (on top left hand side of screen)
- 64. Choose 'Operating Parameters'
- 65. Change 'Supply pressure to 90 bar.
- 66. Click 'OK'
- 67. Choose 'Analysis'
- 68. Choose 'Perform Analysis'
- 69. Choose 'OK'
-
- You will get a Warning: ROD BUCKLING Rod is buckling. Select larger
- cylinder or use other engineering methods.
- Consult pages 2 and 3.
-
- 70. Observe top left corner of the screen. There is title:
- Cylinder Data - Page 4 of 5.
-
- 71. Choose 'Page Up'
- 72. Browse pages until you get page 2 on the screen.
- 73. Play between pages 2 and 3 and observe values of:
-
- (page 2) Extending Force = 1824 daN
- (page 3) Column Strength = 585 daN
-
- Obviously that actual extending (static) force is almost 4 times
- higher than Piston Column strength. Now we will make some changes to
- our specifications to try to overcome this design problem.
-
-
- 74. Choose 'Cylinder' (on top left hand side of screen)
- 75. Choose 'Dimensions'
- 76. Click on Cylinder Rod diameter 1.375".
-
- (we have just changed cylinder rod diameter from 1" to 1.375" to
- try to eliminate buckling effects)
-
- 77. Click 'OK'
- 78. Choose 'Analysis'
- 79. Choose 'Perform Analysis'
- 80. Wait until you get a message 'Calculation complete'
- 81. Choose 'OK'
-
- At last NO Warnings. That means all parameters are acceptable and
- properly entered. You have selected a suitable cylinder.
-
- Let's look at the analysis results. Use 'Page Up' and 'Page Down' to
- browse the inputs and results on the 'Cylinder Data' form, they are as
- follows:
-
- Dimensions:
- Bore Diameter 2.00 inch (This is the cylinder
- Rod Diameter 1.375 inch size you have now selected
- Stroke 34.00 inch for your application)
-
- Hydr.Line Dimensions:
- Pipe (Tube) Diameter 6 L
- Cyl-Valve Distance 150.00 inch
-
- Mounting:
- Duty Heavy
- Type b0 Intermediate trunnion
-
- Orientation 3 Fixed Cylinder Body. Piston Rod retracting and
- extending. Load attached to Piston Rod Stud.
-
- Cylinder's Slope 35.00 deg
- Friction Coefficient 0.15
-
- Operating Parameters:
-
- System Flow 25.00 lit/min
- Extending Speed 205.58 mm/sec
- Extending Time 4.20 sec
- Retracting Speed 389.83 mm/sec
- Retracting Time 2.22 sec
-
- Supply Pressure 90.00 bar
- Max Pressure Rating 138.00 bar
-
- Extending Force 1824.00 daN
- Retracting Force 962.00 daN
-
- Column Strength 2091.00 daN
- Applied Mass 2300.00 kg
-
- Other Analysis Results:
-
- Stop Tube 2.00 inch
-
- Extending Return Flow 13.18 lit/min
- Retracting Return Flow 47.41 lit/min
-
- System Power 3.75 KW
-
- Bore Area 3.14 sq.inch
- Rod Area 1.48 sq.inch
- Annulus Area 1.66 sq.inch
-
- Displacement Volume:
-
- Cylinder Head 0.9230 litre
- Cylinder Cap 1.7504 litre
- Total 0.8273 litre
-
- Deceleration Device: ┌────────────────────────────────┐
- │ Braking Diagram │
- └────────────────────────────────┘
- Warnings:
- No Warnings.
-
- Undamped Natural Frequency, Minimum Acceleration/Deceleration Time,
- Distance and Pressure.
-
- Natural Frequency Rod Extending 9.9 Hz
- Natural Frequency Rod Retracting 9.9 Hz
-
- Minimum Ramp Time Rod Extending 0.38 sec
- Minimum Ramp Time Rod Retracting 0.38 sec
-
- Min.Travel Distance Rod Extending 1.6 inch
- Min.Travel Distance Rod Retracting 3.0 inch
-
- Min.Total Pressure Rod Extending 87.00 bar
- Min.Total Pressure Rod Retracting -36.00 bar
-
-
- Conclusions:
- ============
-
- Stop tube of 2 inch must be mounted in your cylinder.
-
- Although pump (System) delivered flow is only 25 lit/min, command
- hydraulics block (solenoid valve and other components) should be
- dimensioned on nominal value of flow 47.41 lit/min. If you neglect
- this data you could not expect to get all speeds in your application.
-
- When Cylinder's rod is retracted on that side you need 0.923 litre of
- oil. When Cylinder's rod is extended on that side you need 1.7504
- litre of oil. For proper work of cylinder you need only 0.8273 litre
- of oil in your power unit (reservoir). That is total value of oil that
- is required by cylinder for proper 'breathing'.
-
- If you are in need to implement proportional device, you should
- consider ramp time longer than 0.38 sec. Under those conditions, the
- attached load requires at least 1.6 (respecively 3.0) inch travel
- distance for its acceleration/deceleration from zero to maximum
- (maximum to zero) corresponding speed.
-
- On the page 5, you could read up:
-
- Min.Total Pressure Rod Retracting = -36.00 bar
-
- Due to fact that negative apsolute pressure is nonexistent one (in the
- nature), the sign '-' is only pointing to absolute pressure of 36 bar
- at the cylinder cap end port generated by attached mass and friction
- forces only. In other words, you should have the relief valve in that
- line during acceleration and deceleration and adjust its value to 36
- bar. In such way you will be able to control acceleration and
- deceleration of attached mass during rod retracting.
-
- Stroke-Braking Pressure Chart
-
- By observing this chart you are able to rapidly determine correlation
- between generated braking pressure and accompanied braking stroke.
-
- Due to fact that braking pressure at Cylinder's Head End is under 138
- bar (maximal pressure rating for choosen cylinder), that side of
- Cylinder should be supplied with standard cushion. On the other side,
- Cap End should be supplied with standard cushion only if its length is
- slightly over 3/4 inch (red and green lines intersection). For that
- length, the maximum pressure rating (red line) and generated braking
- pressure (green line) are at the same value.
-
- You can easily obtain information on standard cushion length (braking
- stroke) and maximal pressure rating from your favourite supplier of
- cylinders. Just enter those data on the chart and you will get
- information on what would happen in the cylinder. Generally, for any
- value of braking stroke between 1/2 inch and 2 inch you are able to
- determine actual braking pressure.
-
-
- --- end of file ---
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