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KSHELP.330
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1992-12-26
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KWIKSTAT Program Help Screens
@1,How to Enter Data:Keyboard, or from dBASE III file
@3,How to Use data from a dBASE III file
@4,Setup of the default file path
@5,Utilities Module, Reports, Import from 1-2-3
@6,Descriptive Statistics
@7,t-test and ANOVA, paired or independent groups
@9,Non-Parametric Comparisons
@10,Simple Linear Regression and Multiple Regression
@11,Correlation
@12,Using the Kwikstat Viewer
@13,Using REPLACE & using functions in REPLACE and SUBSET
##1 ##DATA
KWIKSTAT
--------
HOW TO ENTER DATA
Data may be entered from the keyboard, or from an ASCII text file. Data
already stored in a dBASE III or IV file may also be used.
ENTERING DATA FROM THE KEYBOARD
1. CREATE THE STRUCTURE OF YOUR DATABASE by selecting the "CREATE"
option in the DATA menu.
2. ENTER DATA by choosing the Enter Data option on the DATA menu.
3. EDIT DATA by choosing the EDIT option on the DATA menu.
4. CREATE NEW VARIABLES by choosing the TRANSFORM option, or choose
the FIELD (F9) option in entry mode.
##2
ENTERING DATA FROM AN ASCII TEXT FILE
Create a database structure using CREATE. Structure should match the columns
of data in the data file. For example, your data is in a file named
"MYDATA.TXT". A database structure could be created using the following
format:
Field Type Width Dec
NAME C 10
AGE N 2 0
BDATE D 8
^ ^ ^ ^
│ │ │ └─────────────Number of decimals in numeric data
│ │ └───────────────────Columns where data is found
│ └─────────────────────────Data type
└────────────────────────────────Variable (field) name
This means NAME is in columns 1-10, AGE in 11-12 and BDATE in 13-21.
NOTICE:The format MUST be inclusive of all columns. DO NOT SKIP COLUMNS when
specifying where data is located.
##3
ENTERING DATA FROM A DBASE III or VI FILE
KWIKSTAT reads data directly from dBASE III and IV files. In each module, you
may specify which dBASE file to use. The module will display all ".DBF" files
in the default path by listing them in a pick box. To choose the database to
use, press the up or down arrow keys to highlight the name of a database,
then press Enter.
You may also call files from other directories by pressing the F2 key when
the database list appears. Specify another path for the program to search,
enter \DB3. A new pick list appears listing .DBF files in the specified path.
##4 ##SETUP
SET UP DEFAULT DISK PATH OR DISK DRIVE
In the Main KWIKSTAT module, select the CHANGE SETUP OPTIONS on the HELPS
menu to set up the default disk drive or path, select monitor colors, printer
and other criteria.
When asked to enter the default directory, just press Enter without entering
any specification if the data is stored in the same drive as the program (the
default directory). Otherwise, you can specify another subdirectory, such as
"MYDIR". To do this, enter
\MYDIR\ or C:\MYDIR\
To use the B: drive as the default directory, enter the specification
B:\ (A MUST FOR 2-DISK SYSTEM USE!)
##5 ##UTIL
KWIKSTAT UTILITY MODULE
KWIKSTAT allows you to input and output data in the UTILITY Module.
o Output a listing of the data in the dataset (or a selected subset of the
database). Allows you to view the report before printing it.
o Output the data into a standard ASCII TEXT (SDF) file. Useful for
transferring the data to other programs.
o Import data from 1-2-3 WKS, WK1 files. For WK* import, you need to know the
range in the spreadsheet, such as A1..D15.
o Import from comma delimited files, where data is in the form:
23,34,"label",11
NOTE: Once you have imported, you can change field name, width, etc by using
the Modify option on the DATA menu.
##6 ##STAT
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
In the STATISTICS module, examine summary statistics.
DETAILED STATISTICS - gives mean, standard deviation, etc, plus percentiles,
confidence interval and a box plot on one variable at a time.
SUMMARY STATISTICS - gives mean, st. dev. etc. on several variables at a
time, and allows listing of statistics by a grouping factor.
P-VALUE - calculates p-value for Z, t, Chi-Square and F statistics
HISTOGRAM - examine the distribution of a continuous variable
SCATTERPLOT - examine the relationship between two variables
TIME-SERIES - examine pattern of a single variable across time -- data
should be ordered
STEM and LEAF Display - summarizes data using a table/graph
##7 ##TTEST
T-TESTS AND ANOVA'S
FOR INDEPENDENT GROUPS OR SINGLE GROUP
--------------------------------------
TWO GROUPS:Student's t-test, data expected to have a grouping variable,
also provides a test for the equality of variance, and two versions of the
t-test according to whether the variances can be considered equal.
3 TO 10 GROUPS: One way ANOVA, Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons performed,
data must have a grouping variable. Comparative box plots displayed.
T-TEST AND ANOVA from summary data - no box plots.
Single sample t-test - you choose the hypothesized value to test.
##8 ##REPEAT
T-TESTS AND ANOVA'S
FOR PAIRED OR REPEATED MEASURES
-------------------------------
TWO TIME PERIODS OR TWO PAIRED OBSERVATIONS:Students t-test for paired
observations. Data is expected to be paired within each record in the
database. For example: two fields in the database could be:
Before After
200 175
130 123
etc.
3 TO 10 REPEATED MEASURES: An extension of the t-test, with 3 or more
repeated measures. Repeated Measures ANOVA performed, with Newman-Keuls
multiple comparisons. Comparative box plots displayed.
##9 ##NPAR
NON-PARAMETRIC COMPARISONS
Note:Use non-parametric procedures when the data cannot be assumed to be
normally distributed.
FOR INDEPENDENT GROUPS OR SINGLE GROUP
--------------------------------------
TWO GROUPS: Mann-Whitney U, comparison based on ranks of the data.
3 TO 10 GROUPS: Kruskal-Wallis One-way ANOVA based on ranks, Newman-Keuls
multiple comparisons performed at the 0.05 significance level.
FOR PAIRED OR REPEATED MEASURES
-------------------------------
TWO TIME PERIODS OR TWO PAIRED OBSERVATIONS: Friedman's Test.
3 TO 10 REPEATED MEASURES: Friedman's ANOVA with Newman-Keuls multiple
comparisons.
##10 ##REG
LINEAR REGRESSION
SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION - relating two variables. This procedure provides
an equation representing a straight line fitted through the data, and a test
of the significance of the linear relationship. You can also plot the data
to verify a linear trend and to examine residuals.
MULTIPLE REGRESSION - Allows you to relate up to 10 independent variables to
a dependent variable. The significance of each variable is determined, and
the coefficients to a prediction are calculated. You can use the
information on the significance of each variable to determine what variables
to leave in the equation and which to remove in order to find the best
equation possible.
##11 ##REG
CORRELATION PROCEDURES
CORRECTION calculates the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient for a
pair of variables. The significance of the coefficient is also given.
Usually, Pearson's is calculated when the data are normal, and Spearman
(which is based on ranks) is used for non-normal data.
MATRIX OF CORRELATIONS - allows you to calculate combinations of correlations
(Pearson) on up to ten variables at a time.
DISPLAY A MATRIX OF SCATTERGRAMS - allows you to visually examine the
relationship on pairs of data for up to 10 combinations at a time.
##12 ##VIEW
Using the Kwik