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PRINTF.AZM
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PRINTF.ASM
Wrap
Assembly Source File
|
1988-06-19
|
17KB
|
933 lines
title 'PRINTF: Formatted output routine'
;
; Last edited 85-03-17 Wagner
;
;
; Used for messages inside BIOS, but also useful for user
; written assembly programs (set "bios" to false).
; Use is similar to "C"-printf, but watch out for
; pitfalls (deref, see below).
;
;
; Copyright (c) 1984, 1985 by
;
; Thomas Wagner
; Patschkauer Weg 31
; 1000 Berlin 33
; West Germany
;
; Released to the public domain 1987
;
;
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;
; ?prntf: formatted console output.
; ?lprnt: formatted printer output (for BIOS/DIRECT: console)
; ?sprnt: formatted string output.
;
; entry: Parameter list placed after call as follows:
;
; CALL ?prntf / ?lprnt / ?sprnt
; JMP xxx ; jump around parameters
; ?sprnt only: DW destination string address
; DW conversion string address
; DW param 1
; ...
;
; Use macro printf for generation (see "PRINTF.LIB").
; The instruction after the call must be 3 bytes long
; (no relative jump allowed).
;
; The ?sprnt entry will insert the string at the
; specified destination address, where the first two
; bytes will receive the resulting string length
; (not counting the terminating zero byte).
; This string length may be nonzero upon entry, and then
; specifies the offset to the destination address
; where the first character is to place.
;
; exit: -
;
; uses: - (up to 20 bytes of stack space)
;
; Printf Macro call:
;
; printf 'Contents of addr %w: %@wH -> %@@s\n',<adr,adr,adr>
; sprintf dest,'Dest is located at %w$',dest
;
; Conversion specification:
;
; '%' <deref ...> <fieldwidth> conversion
; or '\' specialchar
;
; Deref:
; @ = dereferencing
; + = indexing
; # = indexed dereferencing
; in any combination.
;
; No deref or index: immediate value (meaningless for string).
;
; Deref: parameter is the address of the value.
;
; Index: the next parameter is added to the value
; after any dereferencing of the index value. Indexing implies
; that the obtained sum is the address of the value.
;
; Indexed deref (only meaningful after index):
; the pointer obtained after indexing is dereferenced.
;
; For use in the fill-conversion, the special character '&' may be
; used to designate the current output position:
;
; %&10f* means: subtract the current position counter
; from 10, output '*' the resulting number of times.
;
; The character '&' may not be combined with dereferencing.
;
; Example:
;
; ORG 1234h
;
; adr1: DW byt1 ; 1234h
; adr2: DW byt2 ; 1236h
; adr3: DW byt3 ; 1238h
;
; adr4: DW adr1 ; 123Ah
;
; byt1: DB 1 ; 123Ch
; byt2: DB 2
; byt3: DB 3
; DB 4
; DB 5
;
; idx: DW 2
;
; printf '%w\n',adr1 -> 1234 addr of adr1
; printf '%@w\n',adr1 -> 123C content of adr1
; printf '%@@x\n\n',adr1 -> 01 cont of cont of adr1
;
; printf '%+x\n',<byt1,1> -> 02 contents of (byt1 + 1)
; printf '%+@x\n',<byt1,idx> -> 03 byt1 + @idx = byt1 + 2
; printf '%@+@x\n',<adr1,idx> -> 03 @adr1=byt1 + @idx
; printf '%@+@+x\n\n',<adr1,idx,1> -> 04 @adr1=byt1 + @idx + 1
;
; printf '%+#x\n',<adr1,4> -> 03 @(adr1 + 4)=@adr3=byt3
; printf '%+@#x\n',<adr1,idx> -> 02 @(adr1 + @idx) = @adr2
; = byt2
; printf '%@+@#+x\n',<adr4,idx,3> -> 05 @(@adr4 + @idx) + 3
; = @(adr1 + @idx) + 3
; = @adr2 + 3 = byt2 + 3
;
;
; Conversion:
;
; %x - hex output (byte or byte string).
; %w - hex output (word or multiple words).
; %b - decimal output (byte, unsigned).
; %d - decimal output (word, signed).
; %u - decimal output (word, unsigned).
; %s - string output (must be zero-terminated except if length
; is known and specified as fieldlength).
; %t - string output, first byte is string length.
; %v - string output, next character in conversion string
; specifies termination character.
; %c - character output.
; %a - character output, next character in conversion string
; is added to value before output.
; %f - fill, next character in conversion string is output,
; value specifies number of times to output char (<= 255)
;
; any other char: error ('?' is printed).
;
; Field width (maximum is 255):
;
; hex: Number of hex digits printed (no space filling).
; If an odd number is used, only the upper nibble of
; the last byte is printed.
; Note that every 2 bytes are reversed for %w.
; Default is 2 for %x, 4 for %w, 0 means default.
;
; dec: Result is right adjusted in the field.
; All significant digits will be printed if field width
; is smaller than necessary.
; Default is 0.
;
; string: Output is left adjusted.
; The string will be truncated if the field width is
; smaller than the string length.
; Default is printing up to a zero byte for %s or
; up to the count for %t, 0 means default.
; %t-output will be terminated on a zero byte, too.
; For %v, the fieldlength specifies the maximum length
; of the string, no padding will take place.
; %v-output will not terminate on a zero byte.
;
; char: Character is right adjusted.
; Default is 1, 0 means default.
;
; fill: If specified, the value is subtracted from the
; fieldwidth. If omitted or zero, the value is used
; as is. If the value is larger than a nonzero
; fieldwidth, nothing will be output.
;
; Special characters:
;
; \r carriage return
; \n carriage return + line feed
; \l line feed
; \h backspace
; \g bell
; \% %
; \\ \
; \dd with dd = one or two hex digits: value of dd
;
; \& Reset position counter to zero, no output
;
; any other char: error ('?' is printed).
;
; Parameters:
;
; One parameter must be specified for each %-conversion and
; index except for %&, else meaningless values will be output.
;
; Code Example:
;
; CALL ?prntf
; JMP xxx
; DW string
; DW dstr
; DW dstr
; string DB 'String at %wH: "%@s"\n',0
;
; dstr DB 'Hello'
;
; Example for %v-string output to print a filename without spaces
; from an fcb and fill to a total length of 20 bytes:
;
; printf '%@c:%@8v .%@3v %&20f ',<fcb,fcb+1,fcb+9>
;
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;
public ?prntf
public ?lprnt
public ?sprnt
;
;
true equ -1
false equ not true
;
direct equ false ; set true for direct port i/o
bios equ false ; set to false for use outside of BIOS
mpm equ false ; set true for use in MP/M XIOS
;
;
IF direct
maclib ports
ENDIF
;
maclib z80
;
IF bios AND NOT mpm
dseg ; in banked memory if used in BIOS
ELSE
cseg ; code space if MPM or not for use in BIOS
ENDIF
;
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;
?sprnt:
xthl ; get retaddr, save hl
push h ; push back retaddr
push psw
push b
push d
mvi a,0ffh
sta sprint ; mark string destination
inx h ; second byte of JMP
inx h ; third
inx h ; start of parameter list
mov e,m ; destination string address
inx h
mov d,m
inx h
xchg ; HL points to destination string.
shld strlen ; store as length pointer
mov c,m
inx h
mov b,m ; current length
inx h ; point after length
dad b ; add current length to dest addr
mov a,c
sta position ; use lower byte as position
shld strptr ; store as pointer
xchg ; get pointer to string into hl again
jr prtcom ; and continue in common part
;
?lprnt:
push psw
mvi a,5 ; list output
jr plcom
;
?prntf:
push psw
mvi a,2 ; console out
plcom:
sta sprint ; set output direction
pop psw
xthl ; get retaddr, save hl
push h ; push back retaddr
push psw
push b
push d
inx h ; second byte of JMP
inx h ; third
inx h ; start of parameter list
xra a
sta position ; clear position counter
prtcom:
mov e,m ; string address
inx h
mov d,m
inx h
xchg ; DE now contains first parameter address
; HL points to string.
;
main:
mov a,m ; get string char
inx h
ora a ; end of string ?
jrz return ; ready if zero byte.
cpi '%' ; conversion marker ?
jrz convert ; then go format
cpi '\' ; special char ?
jrz special ; then go process
normal:
call output ; else output the character
jr main
;
return:
pop d
pop b
pop psw
pop h
xthl
ret
;
;
special:
mov a,m
inx h
call tolower
cpi 'r'
jrz ocr
cpi 'l'
jrz olf
cpi 'n'
jrz onl
cpi 't'
jrz otb
cpi 'b'
jrz obs
cpi 'h'
jrz obs
cpi '&'
jrz resposn
cpi 'g'
jrnz sphex
mvi a,7
jr normal
;
resposn:
xra a
sta position
jr main
;
olf:
mvi a,0ah
jr normal
onl:
mvi a,0ah
call output
ocr:
mvi a,0dh
jr normal
obs:
mvi a,08h
jr normal
otb:
mvi a,09h
jr normal
;
sphex:
call aschex
jrc error ; skip field if unknown char
sphex0:
mov c,a
mov a,m
call aschex
jrnc sphex1
mov a,c
jr normal ; if one hex digit only
sphex1:
inx h
mov b,a
mov a,c
rlc
rlc
rlc
rlc
ora b ; two hex digits
jr normal ; go output
;
error:
dcx h ; go back one char
mvi a,'?'
jr normal ; go output '?'
;
;
convert:
pushix ; save ix
push h
popix ; string pointer into ix
push d ; save parameter pointer
xchg ; and put into hl
lxi b,0
mvi a,0ffh
sta idxcnt
;
conref:
ldx a,0 ; get conversion spec
inxix
cpi '&' ; position ref ?
jrz refposn
cpi '@' ; deref ?
jrz ref
cpi '#' ; indexed deref ?
jrnz conv1 ; no deref if not
dad b ; add accumulated value and use as pointer
lxi b,0
ref:
mov e,m ; get value of parameter
inx h
mov d,m ; into de
xchg ; and use as pointer
jr conref ; loop
;
conv1:
cpi '+' ; indexed ?
jrnz conv2
push h
lxi h,idxcnt
inr m
pop h
jrnz conv11 ; skip implied deref if not first time
mov e,m ; else get value pointed to by hl
inx h
mov d,m
xchg
conv11:
dad b ; add in last value
mov b,h
mov c,l ; into bc
pop h ; get param pointer
inx h
inx h
mov e,m
inx h ; get next param
mov d,m ; value into de
dcx h
push h ; save updated param pointer
xchg ; param value into de
jr conref ; go deref
;
refposn:
pop h ; param pointer
dcx h ; decrease to compensate for increase at end
dcx h
push h
lxi h,position
jr conref
;
conv2:
dad b ; add value
xchg ; pointer into de
pushix
pop h ; string pointer into hl
mvi c,0 ; default fieldwidth
conv3:
cpi '0' ; digit ?
jrc nodig
cpi '9'+1
jrnc nodig
sui '0'
mov b,a ; save
mov a,c
add a ; * 2
add a ; * 4
add c ; * 5
add a ; * 10
add b ; + value
mov c,a ; into c
mov a,m ; get next char
inx h
jr conv3
nodig:
push h ; save string addr
call tolower ; lower case letters only, convert
lxi h,convtab
mvi b,cvtblen
fndconv:
cmp m
inx h
jrz cfound
inx h
inx h
djnz fndconv
;
pop h
pop d ; unchanged param pointer
popix
jmp error ; unknown conversion
;
cfound:
mov a,m
inx h
mov h,m
mov l,a
mov b,c ; b = c = fieldwidth
mov a,c
ora a ; set fieldwidth condition code
call ipchl ; enter routine
;
convex:
pop h ; restore string address
pop d
inx d
inx d ; point to next parameter
popix ; restore ix
jmp main
;
ipchl: pchl
;
convtab: ; note: sorted in ascending order
db 'a'
dw achrout
db 'b'
dw bytout
db 'c'
dw chrout
db 'd'
dw decout
db 'f'
dw fillout
db 's'
dw strout
db 't'
dw ttrout
db 'u'
dw unsout
db 'v'
dw vstrout
db 'w'
dw wrdout
db 'x'
dw hexout
cvtblen equ ($-convtab)/3
;
;
achrout:
mvi c,1
jr chro0
;
chrout:
mvi c,0
chro0:
jrnz chro1
mvi b,1 ; default field width
chro1:
dcr b
jrz chro2
mvi a,' '
call output
jr chro1
chro2:
ldax d
dcr c
jnz output ; jump if no offset
pop h
xthl ; get conversion string pointer
add m ; add character
inx h ; point to next
xthl
push h
jmp output
;
fillout:
ldax d ; fieldwidth value
jrz fillout1 ; ok if default
mov c,a
mov a,b
sub c ; subtract from specified fieldwidth
jrnc fillout1 ; ok if smaller
xra a ; else output nothing
fillout1:
mov b,a
ora a ; condition code
pop h
xthl ; get conversion string pointer
mov a,m
inx h
xthl
push h
rz ; ready if nothing to output
filloutl:
push psw
call output
pop psw
djnz filloutl
ret
;
;
ttrout:
xchg
mvi e,0 ; terminator
mov b,m ; max chars = length
inx h
jrnz ttro1
mov c,b ; fieldwidth = max chars = length
jr stro1
ttro1:
mov a,c
cmp b
jrnc stro1 ; ok if fieldwidth >= length
mov b,c ; else length = fieldwidth
jr stro1
;
vstrout:
pop h ; retaddr
xthl ; string addr
mov a,m ; terminator
inx h
xthl
push h ; restore stack
xchg
mov e,a
mvi c,0
jr stro0
;
strout:
xchg ; parameter into hl
mvi e,0
stro0:
jrnz stro1
mvi b,0ffh ; max chars
stro1:
mov a,m
inx h
cmp e ; end of string ?
jrz stro2
call output ; output the character
dcr c
jp stro11
mvi c,0
stro11:
djnz stro1
;
stro2:
dcr c
rm
mvi a,' '
call output
jr stro2
;
;
wrdout:
jrnz wrdo1
mvi b,4 ; default field width
wrdo1:
inx d
call hexbyt
rz
dcx d
call hexbyt
rz
inx d
inx d
jr wrdo1
;
;
hexout:
jrnz hexo1
mvi b,2 ; default field width
hexo1:
call hexbyt
rz
inx d
jr hexo1
;
hexbyt:
ldax d
rrc
rrc
rrc
rrc
call hexdig
rz
ldax d
hexdig:
ani 0fh
adi '0'
cpi '9'+1
jrc hdo
adi 'A'-'0'-10
hdo:
call output
dcr b
ret
;
;
bytout:
ldax d
mov e,a ; load lower byte
xra a
mov d,a ; clear upper byte
sta sign ; no sign
mvi c,1 ; no. of digits
jr deco2
;
;
unsout:
xchg
mov e,m
inx h
mov d,m
xra a
sta sign
mvi c,1 ; no. of digits
jr deco2
;
;
decout:
xchg
mov e,m
inx h
mov d,m
mvi c,1 ; no. of digits
mov a,d
sta sign
ora a
jp deco2 ; skip if positive
lxi h,0
dsbc d ; 16-bit complement
xchg
inr c ; space for minus sign
;
deco2: ; determine number of significant digits
lxi h,-10
dad d
jrnc deco3
inr c
lxi h,-100
dad d
jrnc deco3
inr c
lxi h,-1000
dad d
jrnc deco3
inr c
lxi h,-10000
dad d
jrnc deco3
inr c
deco3:
mov a,b ; field width
sub c ; space fill ?
jrz deco4
jrc deco4 ; no space fill if field width <= significant
mov b,a ; else fill
decosp:
mvi a,' '
call output
djnz decosp
;
deco4:
lda sign
ora a
jp deco5
mvi a,'-' ; output sign
call output
deco5:
xchg ; get value into hl
mvi b,'0' ; mark zero suppression
lxi d,-10000
call decdig
lxi d,-1000
call decdig
lxi d,-100
call decdig
lxi d,-10
call decdig
dcr b ; no zero suppression for last digit
lxi d,-1
; ; fall through to decdig
decdig:
mvi c,'0'-1
push psw ; dummy push
decdigl:
pop psw
push h ; remainder
inr c
dad d
jrc decdigl ; subtract until no borrow
mov a,c
cmp b ; zero suppression ?
jrz supzer
dcr b ; no further zero suppression
call output ; output the digit
supzer:
pop h ; remainder
ret
;
;
tolower:
cpi 'A'
rc
cpi 'Z'+1
rnc
adi 'a'-'A'
ret
;
;
aschex:
cpi '0'
rc
cpi '9'+1
jrnc asch1
sui '0'
ret
asch1:
call tolower
cpi 'a'
rc
cpi 'g'
jrnc asch2
sui 'a'-10
ret
asch2:
stc
ret
;
;
IF bios
;
extrn ?pchr
output:
push h
lxi h,position
inr m
pop h
push psw
lda sprint
inr a
jrz out1 ; jump if string output
pop psw ; list output goes to console for BIOS
jmp ?pchr ; directly jump to BIOS char out routine
;
out1:
pop psw
push h
lhld strptr ; destination pointer
mov m,a ; insert the character
inx h ; increase dest pointer
shld strptr ; store back
lhld strlen ; load string length address
inr m ; increase
jrnz outret ; redy if no overflow
inx h ; increase next byte
inr m
outret:
pop h
ret
;
ELSE
;
output:
push b
push d
push h
lxi h,position
inr m
mov e,a
lda sprint ; sprintf ?
inr a
jrz out1 ; branch if string destination
;
IF direct
;
outwt:
in s2bc
ani 4 ; Tx Buffer empty ?
jrz outwt
mov a,e
out s2bd
;
ELSE
;
dcr a
mov c,a ; BDOS function number
call 5 ; call BDOS
;
ENDIF
;
outret:
pop h
pop d
pop b
ret
;
out1:
lhld strptr ; destination pointer
mov m,e ; insert the character
inx h ; increase dest pointer
shld strptr ; store back
lhld strlen ; load string length address
inr m ; increase
jrnz outret ; redy if no overflow
inx h ; increase next byte
inr m
jr outret
;
ENDIF
;
IF NOT bios
DSEG ; data segment if not BIOS
ENDIF
;
sprint ds 1
strptr ds 2
strlen ds 2
;
;
sign ds 1
idxcnt ds 1
position ds 1
;
public ?pfraf,?pfra,?pfrbc,?pfrb,?pfrde,?pfrd
public ?pfrhl,?pfrh,?pfrix,?pfriy,?pfrsp
;
?pfraf ds 1
?pfra ds 1
?pfrbc ds 1
?pfrb ds 1
?pfrde ds 1
?pfrd ds 1
?pfrhl ds 1
?pfrh ds 1
?pfrix ds 2
?pfriy ds 2
?pfrsp ds 2
;
end
