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roots/m software to help organize your family tree program by herbert drake jr. original manual by bruce murray * this is not free software. this is a shareware program. you * * are encourged to use this program and distribute this program * * to bbs systems and your friends. no charge can be made for * * this program above the actual costs to reproduce the program. * * herb drake jr. retains all copyrights and expressly forbids * * the sale of roots/m by any party, or the inclusion of roots/m * * in any package of programs offered for sale. if you find that * * this program is useful and you continue to use it after a 30 * * day evauluation period, you must register the program. when * * you distribute the program, you must include all the files in * * this archive. you may not alter or modify the roots/m files. * * * * please send your registration fee of 20 dollars (us) to : * * * * herbert drake jR. * * 40 pikes peak drive * * san rafael, ca. 94903 * ***************************************************************** *** note *** tHIS PROGRAM IS BEING RELEASED BY hERBERT dRAKE AS A sHAREWARE PROGRAM. tHIS PROGRAM WAS ONCE AVAILABLE AS A COMMERCIAL PROGRAM AND HAS NOT BEEN AVAILABLE FOR YEARS. iF YOU FIND THIS PROGRAM FITS YOUR NEEDS, please register it. iT'S NOT OFTEN THESE DAYS THAT WE cp/m USERS CAN EVEN FIND SOFTWARE FOR OUR MACHINES. i WOULD HOPE THAT WE WOULD SUPPORT ANY SOFTWARE AUTHORS THAT MAKE SUCH FINE PROGRAMS AVAILABLE. oNE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT FEATURES OF THIS PROGRAM, IN MY OPINION, IS THE DATA FILES YOU CREATE UNDER roots/m CAN BE MOVED INTO THE cOMMSOFT ibm SERIES OF roots PROGRAMS. tHE cOMMSOFT PROGRAMS, roots ii AND roots iii, ARE CONSIDERED BY MANY GENEALOGISTS TO BE TWO OF THE BEST PROGRAMS AVAILABLE. tHIS MEANS YOU CAN USE YOUR PRESENT COMPUTER WITH roots/m, AND LATER IF YOUR COMPUTER DIES, OR YOU DECIDE TO MOVE TO AN ibm COMPATIBLE, YOU CAN MOVE YOUR RECORDS WITHOUT TYPING EVERYTHING IN ALL OVER AGAIN. aFTER PUTTING IN A FEW HUNDRED GENEALOGY RECORDS YOU WILL PROBABLY FEEL GOOD KNOWING THAT YOU CAN TRANSFER THEM THE NEXT TIME. i WOULD LIKE TO THANK hERB dRAKE FOR RELEASING THIS VERSION OF roots/m. tHIS IS AN EXCELLENT GENEALOGY PROGRAM THAT WILL ALLOW YOU TO USE YOUR cp/m cOMPUTER TO KEEP YOUR GENEALOGY RECORDS IN AN EASY TO ACCESS AND ORDERLY SYSTEM. aNOTHER SPECIAL THANKS TO hOWARD nURSE AT cOMMSOFT, WHO HELPED ME TRACK DOWN hERB dRAKE, AND THEREBY MADE THIS RELEASE POSSIBLE. i HAVE ATTEMPED TO RECREATE THE root/m MANUAL IN ITS ENTIRETY WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS AND GENERAL GENEALOGY INFORMATION INCLUDED IN THE ORIGINAL MANUAL. cHARLES cOTHAM 1 table of contents chapter 1: a marriage of genealogy and the personal computer...... 4 gENEALOGY AND THE HOME COMPUTER SYSTEM MEET IN roots/m chapter 2: a tale of two genealogies.............................. 5 a qUICK rUN tHROUGH roots/m..................................... 6 tHE DISTRIBUTION DISK COMES WITH A SAMPLE BASEFILE WHICH ALLOWS YOU TO EXPERIMENT WITH THE PROGRAM. chapter 3: the pedigree chart and family group sheet............. 11 tHE GENEALOGIST'S STANDARD RECORD-KEEPING TOOLS. chapter 4: what you need to know before loading roots/m.......... 15 wORKING WITH THE BASEFILE. aN ESTIMATE IF THE NUMBER OF NAMES YOUR SYSTEM WILL BE ABLE TO STORE. dELETING NON- ESSENTIAL FILES. chapter 5: getting started....................................... 18 tHE START-UP PROCEDURE AND AN EXPLANATION OF THE menu, PROGRAM CONTROL KEYS AND F-TABLE. menu........................................................... 20 instructions................................................... 22 chapter 6: the program contents.................................. 22 edit........................................................... 22 hOW TO ENTER NAMES INTO THE BASEFILE. a DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND STEP-BY-STEP EXPLANATION OF THE PROCEDURE FOR ADDING NAMES TO, OR MODIFYING NAMES ALREADY IN, THE BASEFILE. list........................................................... 33 tHE WINDOW ON THE BASEFILE. lISTS ALL OR A PORTION OF THE BASEFILE family......................................................... 34 tHE COROLLARY TO THE FAMILY GROUP SHEET. dISPLAYS THE COM- POSITION OF A FAMILY AND MOVES YOU FROM GENERATION TO GENER- TION, SHOWING HOW A SINGLE FAMILY HAS GROWN LARGER OR SMALLER. trace.......................................................... 35 tHE COROLLARY TO THE PEDIGREE CHART. pRODUCES A PEDIGREE CHART FOR ANY INDIVIDUAL IN THE BASEFILE. print.......................................................... 36 tHE WAY TO MAKE HARD COPIES. pRINTS BOTH A PEDIGREE CHART AND FAMILY GROUP SHEET OF ANY INDIVIDUAL IN THE BASEFILE. relationship................................................... 37 hOW TWO PEOPLE ON THE FAMILY TREE ARE RELATED. dETERMINES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AND DEGREE OF CONSAGUINITY OF ANY TWO MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY TREE. 2 anniversary.................................................... 39 kEEPING TRACK OF IMPORTANT DATES. lISTS ALL BIRTHS, DEATHS AND MARRIAGES THAT HAVE OCCURED ON A SPECIFIED DAY. exit........................................................... 39 tHE WAY OUT. lEAVING roots/m AT THE END OF A SESSION. pROVIDING YOUR OWN DATE ROUTINE................................ 40 3 chapter 1 a mARRIAGE gENEALOGY AND THE pERSONAL cOMPUTER wOVEN INTO HISTORY IS THE STORY OF PEOPLE-NAMES, DATES AND FACES. tHOSE PEOPLE HUNTED AND GATHERED, PAINTED PICTURES ON STONE, AND BUILT HOUSES OF STONE, KEPT RECORDS, BUILT SHIPS. aBOVE ALL, THEY HAD CHILDREN. tHOSE CHILDREN HAD CHILDREN, AGAIN AND AGAIN. tHE CYCLE OF PARENTS AND CHILDREN HAS SO FAR PERSISTED, MAKING POSSIBLE EVERYONE WHO DRAWS A BREATH TODAY. gRATEFUL TO THOSE WHO PERSISTED, IT IS NATURAL TO ASK, "wHO CAME BEFORE ME?" tHE ANSWER ENTAILS A SEARCH. tHE HUNT UNCOVERS PARTICULAR FACTS AND GEN- ERAL IMPRESSIONS. iT SUMMONS THE POWERS OF A SLEUTH, LAUNCHING EXPEDITIONS ACROSS BORDERS AND INTO UNFAMILIAR TERRITORY. oUT OF THE SEARCH EMERGES A FAMILY TREE, A PERSONAL HISTORY, FAMILY HISTORY, A PERSPECTIVE ON HUN- DREDS OF YEARS OF EXPERIENCE. cALL THE QUEST "GENEALOGY." dISCOVERING A HERITAGE IS LIKE SOLVING A JIGSAW PUZZLE. wHAT WERE THE NAMES AND BIRTHDATES OF FOREBEARS? hOW MANY CHILDREN DID THEY HAVE? wHAT DID THEY DO? hOW DID THEY FEEL ABOUT THEIR LOT IN LIFE? a THOROUGH SEARCH CAN TAKE YEARS OF HUNTING THROUGH ARCHIVES AND TALKING WITH RELATIVES AND OTHER GENEALOGISTS. dISINTERESTED ANCESTORS DID NOTHING TO MAKE THE JOB EASIER. sOME WILL HIDE. iN SPITE OF THEMSELVES, THOUGH, THEY UNDOUBTEDLY LEFT BEHIND RECORDS, CLUES TO THE KIND OF LIVES THEY LED. tHOSE PEOPLE WERE OUT THERE. tHEY EXISTED. yOU ARE NOT CHASING GHOSTS. tHE EXERCISE OF RECORDING ON PAPER ALL THAT IS WORTH REMEMBERING CREATES PARTICULAR PROBLEMS FOR THE GENEALOGIST. dOCUMENTING DISCOVERIES BECOMES INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT AS THE SEARCH BECOMES MORE SUCCESSFUL. aS YOU UN- COVER HUNDREDS OF ANCESTORS AND RECORD THEIR NAMES AND VITAL STATISTICS ON LOOSE SLIPS OF PAPER, YOU WILL GRADUALLY BUILD A BULKY, LOOSE-LEAF MONUMENT TO THE PAST. eNTER THE PERSONAL COMPUTER. roots/m PUTS THE FAMILY TREE ON A MAGNETIC DISK. iT WILL HOLD THE IDENT- ITIES OF ANCESTORS, AND PERFORM GENEALOGICAL REFERENCING TASKS THAT WOULD TAKE HOURS OF SEARCHING IN LOOSE BOXES. hANDLING ENOUGH NAMES TO CONSTRUCT A FAMILY TREE THAT CAN INCLUDE AS MANY AS 99 GENERATIONS, roots/m TURNS THE VIDEO SCREEN INTO A WINDOW WITH A VIEW OF EVERY BRANCH. a KEYSTROKE CHARTS THE GROWTH AND DECLINE OF FAMILIES, SHOWING HOW A SINGLE FAMILY GROWS INTO MANY. roots/m CALCULATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEMBERS ON THE TREE AND KEEPS TRACK OF ALL ANNIVERSARIES OF BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATHS AS WELL AS THE PLACE OF THEIR OCCURRENCE. roots/m WILL PRINT BOTH FILLED-IN AND BLANK PRDIGREE CHARTS AND FAMILY GROUP SHEETS. tHESE CAN BE SENT TO OTHER GENEALOGISTS OR MEMBERS OF YOUR FAMILY WHO CAN ASSIST YOU IN YOUR SEARCH. roots/m IS DESIGNED TO MAINTAIN A DATABASE CALLED A "BASEFILE" WHICH CONTAINS ALL THE GENEALOGICAL INFORMATION THAT YOU SUPPLY. tHE PROGRAM TAKES THE BASEFILE AND PERFORMS GENEALOGICAL REFERENCING TASKS USING SEVEN SEPARATE ROUTINES -OR PROGRAMS- AND AN ON-SCREEN LIST CALLED THE F-TABLE. tHE SEVEN ROUTINES ARE SELECTED FROM A menu WHICH SERVES AS A TABLE OF CONTENTS AND DOOR INTO EACH OF THE ROUTINES. tHESE INCLUDE: 4 edit: aLLOWS YOU TO ENTER AN INDIVIDUAL'S NAME, SEX, PARENTS, DATE AND PLACE OF BIRTH, MARRIAGE AND DEATH, AND AS MANY AS FOUR SPOUSES. list: aLLOWS YOU TO VIEW ALL OR A PORTION OF THE BASEFILE AND SELECT INDIVIDUALS FROM THE FILE TO USE IN OTHER ROUTINES. family: dISPLAYS THE COMPOSITION OF A SINGLE FAMILY IN A FORMAT SIMILAR TO A FAMILY GROUP SHEET. trace: cONSTRUCTS A PEDIGREE CHART FOR ANY INDIVIDUAL IN THE BASEFILE. relationship: cALCULATES THE RELATIONSHIP AND COMMON ANCESTORS OF ANY TWO INDIVIDUALS IN THE BASEFILE. anniversary: dISPLAYS ALL THE BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATHS THAT OCCURED ON A SPECIFIED DAY. print: pRINTS 72 OR 132 COLUMN WIDTH PEDIGREE CHARTS AND FAMILY GROUP SHEETS. iN THE LOWER PORTION OF THE SCREEN IS A HOLDING AREA FOR NAMES DRAWN FROM THE BASEFILE. tHIS "FETCH-TABLE", OR F-TABLE, DOES NOT CHANGE AS YOU MOVE BETWEEN ROUTINES, AND IS THE KEY TO THE EFFICIENT OPERATION OF root/m. wHILE YOU ARE RUNNING roots/m, EITHER ENTERING NEW INDIVIDUALS OR MAKING INQUIRIES ABOUT OTHERS ALREADY ON THE BASEFILE, YOU WILL BE SHUFFLING THEM IN AND OUT OF THE F-TABLE, USING THE SAME NAMES OFTEN IN MORE THAN ONE ROUTINE. aDEPT USE OF THE F-TABLE SIMPLIFIES EVEN FURTHER THE TASK OF MAINTAINING AND EXPANDING YOUR GENEALOGICAL RECORDS. iF YOUR SEARCH IS DILIGENT, YOU WILL COLLECT ENOUGH MATERIAL TO FILL BOOKS - LETTERS, NEWS CLIPPINGS, ANECDOTES, STORIES OF THE DAY THE CHICKENS ESCAPED FROM THE COOP, roots/m WAS WRITTEN TO ACCOMODATE AS MANY ANCESTORS AS POSSIBLE. iT DOES SO BY COMPRESSING THE AMOUNT OF INFORMATION NEEDED TO IDENTIFY EACH INDIVIDUAL, AND IT PLACES THE COM- PRESSED BASEFILE IN THE COMPUTERS RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (ram) WHILE roots/m IS OPERATING. pLACING THE ENTIRE BASEFILE IN ram INCREASES THE SPEED OF THE PROGRAM'S OPERATION; IT ALSO MEANS THAT THE PROGRAM MUST PACK DATA EFFICIENTLY IN THE BASEFILE. aLTHOUGH YOU MAY CREATE MORE THAN ONE BASEFILE AND STORE THEM ALL ON SEPARATE DISKS, roots/m WILL OPERATE WITH ONLY ONE AT A TIME. tO CON- SERVE SPACE, THEN, AND LEAVE ROOM FOR AS MANY INDIVIDUALS AS POSSIBLE IN YOUR SYSTEMS ram, THE PROGRAM IS NOT DESIGNED TO STORE ANECDOTAL INFORM- TION. aS YOU ENCOUNTER ANECDOTES DURING YOUR SEARCH, YOU SHOULD STILL GATHER THEM IN A SEPERATE PLACE. tHE PROGRAM IS THE KERNAL OF THE FAMILY HISTORY, THE GUIDE TO DISCOVERY AND RESEARCH. chapter 2 a tale of two genealogies lONG AGO IN THE bRITISH iSLES, TWO NEIGHBORING KINGDOMS HAD BEEN AT WAR FOR MORE THAN 50 YEARS. iT HAD STARTED WHEN AN INHABITANT OF rEGENCIA ON THE EASTERN SIDE OF THE RIVER ALLEGEDLY STOLE A HERD OF CATTLE FROM AN INHABITANT OF oXLAND ON THE WESTERN SIDE OF THE RIVER. tEMPERS DURING THE 5 DISAGREEMENT OVER OWNERSHIP FLAIRED. aRMED CONFLICT FOLLOWED. sINCE THE WAR HAD COST HIS KINGDOM MANY LIVES, THE KING OF rEGENCIA SUG- GESTED A PLAN TO END THE FIGHTING. hE PROPOSED TO THE KING OF oXLAND THAT THEY ASSEMBLE THEIR ARMIES ON A PLAIN BY THE RIVER. eACH COUNTRY WOULD SELECT ITS MOST ABLE WARRIOR, AND THE TWO WOULD BATTLE EACH OTHER IN FULL VIEW OF BOTH ARMIES, THE WINNER OF THAT CONTEST EARNING VICTORY FOR HIS KINGDOM. oXLAND'S KING AGREED, AND THREE DAYS LATER AT SUNRISE, BOTH ARMIES IN FULL REGALIA ASSEMBLED BY THE RIVER TO WITNESS THE BATTLE THAT WOULD DECIDE THEIR KINGDOM'S FATE. fROM THE RANKS OF oXLAND'S ARMY APPEARED A GIANT OF A WARRIOR. fULL- BEARDED, gEORGE gIBBON STOOD SIX AND A HALF FEET TALL. hE WORE THICK ANIMAL SKINS AND CARRIED A BROADSWORD. lOG STRIDES TOOK HIM CONFIDENTLY TO THE CENTER OF THE FIELD. fROM THE RANKS OF rEGENCIA'S ARMY aLBERT bRIGHT APPEARED. a FOOT SHORTER THAN gIBBON, HE TOO WORE SKINS, THOUGH OF MUCH SOFTER SHEEPSKIN. hE CARRIED NO WEAPONS, IT SEEMED, ALTHOUGH AS HE SCURRIED OUT TO THE MIDDLE OF THE BATTLEFIELD HIS RIGHT HAND WAS BURIED BENEATH THE FOLD OF HIS GARMENTS. vENTURING OUT ONTO THE BATTLEFIELD, HE GLANCED BACK SEVERAL TIMES AT HIS FELLOW SOLDIERS AS IF HE WERE SEEING THEM FOR THE LAST TIME. sOME DISTANCE FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE BATTLEFIELD, THE ARMIES WATCHING SAW THE TWO STOP WITHIN A FOOT OF EACH OTHER. fOR AN INSTANT, bRIGHT AND gIBBON STOOD MOTIONLESS. wITH BOTH HANDS, THEN, gEORGE gIBBON RAISED HIS BROADSWORD ABOVE HIS HEAD PREPARING TO SPLIT HIS OPPONENT IN TWO. jUST AS gIBBON STARTED TO BRING HIS SWORD DOWN, A CURIOUS THING HAPPENED. aLBERT bRIGHT PULLED A PIECE OF PARCHMENT FROM BENEATH HIS SHEEPSKINS AND SHOWED IT TO gIBBON. gIBBON HESITATED, LOOKING DOWN AT THE PARCHMENT. hE DROPPED HIS SWORD TO HIS SIDE. sLOWLY, HE PUT THE SWORD DOWN AND SHOOK AS IF WITH LAUGHTER. hE BENT AND EMBRACED bRIGHT, PICKING THE SMALLER MAN UP INTO THE AIR, SIGNALING THAT THE CONFLICT HAD ENDED. rEJOICING ENSUED. wHAT HAPPENED? bRIGHT HAD BROUGHT A COPY OF HIS FAMILY TREE WHICH SHOWED THAT HE AND gIBBON HAD THE SAME GREAT-GREAT GRANDPARENTS. gIBBON , FORTU- NATELY, UNDERSTOOD IMMEDIATELY THAT HE AND bRIGHT WERE COUSINS, AND PICK- ING THE SMALLER MAN UP, HE WAS HEARD TO ASK, "cOUSIN aL, WHY DIDN'T YOU SAY IT WAS YOU?" a quick run through roots/m a SAMPLE BASEFILE -CONTAINING THE FAMILIES OF aLBERT bRIGHT AND gEORGE gIBBON- HAS BEEN INCLUDED ON THE DISTRIBUTION DISK. uSERS FAMILIAR WITH THE OPERATION OF THEIR SYSTEM CAN LOAD roots/m IMMEDIATELY AND EXPERIMENT WITH THE PROGRAM USING THE SAMPLE BASEFILE. a MORE COMPLETE SET OF OPER- ATING INSTRUCTIONS IS INCLUDED LATER IN THE MANUAL, AND LESS EXPERIENCED USERS MAY WANT TO REVIEW THOSE FIRST. make a copy of the distribution disk bEFORE ANYTHING ELSE YOU SHOULD COPY ALL roots/m FILES ONTO A BLANK DISK 6 THAT HAS BEEN FORMATTED. uSE THE DUPLICATE AFTER STORING THE DISTRIBUTION DISK IN A SAFE PLACE. uSERS OF ONE-DRIVE SYSTEMS MAY ALSO WANT TO COPY THE cp/m SYSTEM FILES ONTO THE DISK BEFORE COPYING THE root/m FILES. tHE PROGRAM IS COMPOSED OF SEVERAL FILES, USE " *.* " TO COPY ALL roots/m FILES TO YOUR WORKING DISK. specify the console driver cONSOLE DRIVERS, WHICH SERVE AS THE SOFTWARE INTERFACE BETWEEN roots/m AND MANY POPULAR crt TERMINALS, ARE SUPPLIED ON THE DISTRIBUTION DISK. tHE CONSOLE DRIVER WHICH MATCHES YOUR TERMINAL MUST BE NAMED "cod.nrm" TO BE RECOGNIZED BY roots/m. ("nrm" REFERS TO THE FACT THAT THE CONSOLE DRIVER IS A "NON-RELOCATABLE MODULE" WHICH MEANS THAT IT IS ALWAYS LOADED STARTING AT A FIXED LOCATION IN YOUR COMPUTER'S MEMORY.) fOR A LISTING OF NAMES AND COMMENTS ABOUT A VARIETY OF CONSOLE DRIVERS, REFER TO THE INSERT IN THE COVER OF THIS MANUAL. tHE INSERT CONTAINS A TABLE SHOWING THE NAMES OF CONSOLE DRIVERS THAT MOST LIKELY APPLY TO YOUR TERMINAL. uSE THE cp/m rename command TO CHANGE THE APPROPRIATE CONSOLE DRIVER TO cod.nrm. wITH THE DISK IN DIRVE a THE FORMAT FOR THIS COMMAND IS: a>ren cod.nrm=(yOUR CONSOLE DRIVER).nrm bringing up roots/m iF YOU ARE NOT PLACING YOUR roots/m DISK INTO DRIVE a, SPECIFY THE DRIVE THAT YOU ARE USING BY TYPING THE DRIVE CODE, A COLON(:) AND THEN return. roots/m IS SUPPLIED WITH THE SAMPLE BASEFILE NAMED "bright.bin". tO LOAD THE PROGRAM TYPE: " roots bright " wHEN roots/m IS LOADED INTO THE COMPUTER, IT WILL FIRST ASK YOU TO SUPPLY THE DATE. tHE PROGRAM USES THE DATE IN SEVERAL WAYS, AMONG THEM, TO CAL- CULATE AGES. (iF YOU WISH, YOU CAN CHOOSE TO SUPPRESS FUNCTIONS THAT USE THE DATE BY PRESSING return IMMEDIATELY RATHER THAN ENTERING THE DATE.) oNCE YOU HAVE CHOSEN TO ENTER A DATE OR FORGO THAT OPTION, THE menu OR THE TABLE OF CONTENTS WILL APPEAR ON THE SCREEN. yOU MAY CHOOSE ANY ONE OF THE ROUTINES BY USING THE CURSOR CONTROL KEYS TO PLACE THE CURSOR ON THE LINE OF THE DESIRED ROUTINE AND PRESSING return. instructions iF YOU WISH TO REVIEW THE CONTENTS OF THE PROGRAM, USE THE CURSOR CONTROL KEYS TO PLACE THE CURSOR ON THE instructions LINE AND PRESS return. oNCE YOU HAVE REVIEWED THE INSTRUCTIONS, YOU MAY RETURN TO THE menu BY PRESSING THE menu KEY (\). list pLACE THE CURSOR NEXT TO list AND PRESS return. tHE list ROUTINE, WHICH ALLOWS YOU TO PULL NAMES FROM THE BASEFILE, WILL APPEAR. tO OBTAIN A PARTIAL LISTING OF THE FILE YOU TYPE THE NAME, OR PORTION OF THE NAME, OF ANY INDIVIDUAL WHO APPEARS IN THE FILE ON THE DESIGNATED LINE. iN 7 THIS CASE, TYPE," bright ",AND PRESS return. yOU WILL SEE A LISTING OF ALL THE INDIVIDUALS IN THE FILE WITH THE LAST NAME, bRIGHT.(yOU MUST TYPE A COMPLETE NAME-STRING -"bRIGHT" AND NOT, FOR INSTANCE, "bRI".) iF YOU MAKE A MISTAKE, USE THE BACKSPACE KEY TO ERASE THE ERROR. tHE list ROUTINE, WHILE SEARCHING THE BASEFILE WILL DISREGARD UPPER- AND LOWER- CASE LETTERS, ENABLING YOU TO TYPE EITHER "bright" OR "bRIGHT" IF YOU WISH. aT THE BOTTOM OF THE SCREEN IS THE "F-TABLE", OR A HOLDING TANK FOR NAMES PULLED FROM THE BASEFILE THAT YOU WILL USE IN OTHER ROUTINES. tO PLACE AN INDIVIDUALS NAME INTO THE F-TABLE, MOVE THE CURSOR TO THE LINE ON WHICH THE NAME APPEARS, AND PRESS ONE OF THE NUMERIC KEYS, 0-9. tHE F-TABLE CONTAINS SPACE FOR TEN INDIVIDUALS WHO CAN APPEAR IN TWO GROUPS. wHEN " s=SWAP " APPEARS ON THE SCREEN, YOU MAY PRESS "s" TO VIEW EITHER ONE OF THE FIVE-PLACE TABLES. pLACE THE CURSOR NEXT TO aLBERT bRIGHT'S NAME AND PRESS "1" KEY. hIS NAME WILL APPEAR IN THE F-TABLE. pRESS THE menu KEY(\) TO RETURN AND SELECT ANOTHER NAME. tHIS TIME, TYPE "gIBBON" AND PRESS return. pLACE THE CURSOR NEXT TO gEORGE gIBBON'S NAME AND PRESS THE "2" KEY, PLACING HIM ON THE F2 LINE. pRESS THE menu KEY TWICE TO RETURN TO THE menu. trace wITH THE NAMES OF bRIGHT AND gIBBON IN THE F-TABLE, PLACE THE CURSOR NEXT TO trace AND PRESS return. roots/m WILL CONSTRUCT THE PEDIGREE CHART OF AN INDIVIDUAL YOU CHOOSE FROM THE F-TABLE. tO SEE THE CHART OF aLBERT bRIGHT, PRESS THE "1" KEY WHICH CORRESPONDS TO HIS NAME IN THE F-TABLE. tHE DISPLAY WILL PLACE aLBERT bRIGHT AT THE TOP OF THE CHART AND LIST THE DATA THAT IDENTIFIES HIM IN A BOX BELOW IT. a SINGLE DISPLAY WILL SHOW UP TO SIX GENERATIONS. eACH BRANCH ON THE CHART REPRESENTS AN ANCESTOR. aSTERISKS, OR "FLAGS," ARE ATTACHED TO SELECTED INDIVIDUALS WHILE ENTERING THEM INTO THE BASEFILE. tHE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FLAG WILL BE UP TO YOU. iN THIS CASE THEY IDENTIFY aLBERT bRIGHT'S ANCESTORS WHO HAVE DIED IN THE WAR BETWEEN oXLAND AND rEGENCIA. tHEY APPEAR IN OTHER ROUTINES AS WELL. yOU MAY MOVE THE CURSOR TO ANY INDIVIDUAL ON THE CHART USING THE CURSOR CONTROL KEYS, AND THE NAME OF THAT ANCESTOR WILL APPEAR IN THE BOX BE- NEATH THE CHART. iF YOU WISH TO SEE THAT PERSON'S PEDIGREE, PRESS THE "y" KEY THAT CORRESPONDS TO yes. pRESS THE menu KEY(\) TO LEAVE bRIGHT'S PEDIGREE. pRESS THE "2" KEY TO LOOK AT gIBBON'S. tHEY HAVE A COMMON PAIR OF ANCESTORS, THEIR GREAT-GREAT GRANDPARENTS. yOU CAN FIND THEM BY SEARCHING EACH PEDIGREE WITH THE CURSOR, OR YOU MAY GO TO relationship VIA THE menu TO DETERMINE THEIR RELATIONSHIP AND COMMON ANCESTORS. fROM THE DISPLAY OF gIBBON'S PEDIGREE, PRESS THE menu KEY TWICE. 8 relationship pLACE THE CURSOR NEXT TO relationship AND PRESS return. yOU MAY CHOOSE INDIVIDUALS WHOSE RELATIONSHIP YOU WANT TO KNOW BY PRESSING TWO NUMERIC KEYS. pRESS THE "1" AND "2" KEYS TO DETERMINE THE RELATION- SHIP AND COMMON ANCESTORS OF bRIGHT AND gIBBON. nOTE THE NAMES OF THE ANCESTORS, aLCHEMY gIBBON AND kATHERINE sWAMP. yOU SHOULD PLACE THEM IN THE F-TABLE BEFORE MOVING TO THE NEXT ROUTINE. lEAVE relationship BY PRESSING THE menu KEY, AND THEN GO TO list OR trace. uSING THOSE ROUTINES, PLACE aLCHEMY gIBBON AND kATHERINE sWAMP IN THE F- TABLE. oNCE THE TWO NAMES ARE IN THE F-TABLE, RETURN TO THE menu BY PRES- SING THE menu KEY TWICE. family pLACE THE CURSOR NEXT TO family AND PRESS return. yOU MAY CHOOSE ANY INDIVIDUAL IN THE F-TABLE AND VIEW THE COMPOSITION OF THAT INDIVIDUAL'S FAMILY. pRESS THE NUMERIC KEY CORRESPONDING TO aLCHEMY gIBBON, AND HIS FAMILY WILL APPEAR. tHE DESIGNATIONS TO THE LEFT OF THE NAMES, EXPLAINED IN THE FIRST PAGE OF family, IDENTIFY CHILDREN WHO ALSO HAVE CHILDREN INCLUDED IN THE BASEFILE. iF YOU WISH TO SEE WHICH OF THE CHILDREN BECAME PART OF THE bRIGHT LINE, PLACE THE CURSOR NEXT TO gWENDOLYN gIBBON'S NAME AND PRESS THE "f" OR forward KEY. tHE DISPLAY WILL MOVE FORWARD ONE GENERATION AND PLACE HER AT THE TOP OF THE LIST. iF YOU PRESS THE "r" OR reverse KEY WITH THE CURSOR NEXT TO HER HUSBAND, aLCHIBALD bRIGHT, THE DISPLAY WILL MOVE BACKWARD ONE GENERATION TO SHOW THE COMPOSITION OF THE FAMILY IN WHICH HE WAS A CHILD. YOU CAN MOVE FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT FREELY US- ING THE "f" AND "r" KEYS. pRESS THE menu KEY TWICE TO RETURN TO THE MAIN menu. anniversary pLACE THE CURSOR NEXT TO anniversary AND PRESS return. yOU MAY IDENTIFY THE ANNIVERSARIES OF BIRTHS, DEATHS AND MARRIAGES BY DESIGNATING A DATE. cHOOSE jAN 1, AND PRESS return. pRESS return AGAIN, AND THE DISPLAY WILL ADVANCE ONE DAY. tHE NUMBERS ON THE LEFT-HAND SIDE OF THE SCREEN TALLY THE NUMBER OF YEARS THAT HAVE ELAPSED SINCE THE SPECIFIED EVENT. pRESS THE menu KEY TO RETURN TO THE menu. print pLACE THE CURSOR NEXT TO print AND PRESS return. tHE print ROUTINE ALLOWS YOU TO IDENTIFY A NUMBER OF THE CHARACTERISTICS 9 OF YOUR PRINTER TO INSURE THAT roots/m WILL PRODUCE PEDIGREE CHARTS AND FAMILY GROUP SHEETS IN AN ACCEPTABLE FORM. tHE VERTICAL LINES ON THE PEDIGREE CHART MAY BE REPRESENTED BY MORE THAN ONE CHARACTER, AND YOU MAY CHOOSE ONE OF THREE CHARACTERS TO SUIT YOUR PRINTER. tO IDENTIFY THE PARAMETERS OF YOUR PRINTER PLACE THE CURSOR ON THE "sET pRINTER oPTIONS" LINE AND PRESS return. aFTER YOU HAVE DESIGNATED THE CAPABILITIES OF YOUR PRINTER, YOU MAY PRESS ONE OF THE NUMERIC KEYS TO GENERATE A PRINT-OUT OF THE PEDIGREE CHART AND FAMILY GROUP SHEET OF ANY INDIVIDUAL IN THE F-TABLE. iF A PEDIGREE FILLS MORE THAN ONE PAGE, THE PRINTER WILL PRINT AS MANY SHEETS AS ARE NECESS- ARY TO COMPLETE THE CHART. yOU MAY STOP THE PRINTER AT THE END OF THE PAGE IT IS PRINTING BY PRESSING THE menu KEY. pRESS THE menu KEY AND RETURN TO THE MAIN menu. edit pLACE THE CURSOR NEXT TO edit AND PRESS return. nAMES ARE ENTERED INTO THE BASE FILE USING THIS ROUTINE. wHEN IT APPEARS, YOU WILL BE ASKED IF YOU WISH TO CREATE A NEW RECORD OR ALTER AN OLD ONE. tHE OPERATION OF edit IS COVERED EXTENSIVELY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE MANUAL. yOU WILL PROBABLY NOT WANT TO ADD ANY NAMES TO THE BASEFILE AT THIS TIME. iNSPECT THE edit RECORD FIELD TO OBSERVE THE INFORMATION THAT CAN BE STORED ABOUT ANY INDIVIDUAL. bRING UP aLBERT bRIGHT FROM THE F-TABLE BY PRESSING THE "1" KEY TO SEE HOW INFORMATION ABOUT HIM IS DISPLAYED. nOTICE THE PLACE TO ATTACH A FLAG- THE ASTERISK THAT APPERARS NEXT TO A NAME WHEN IT IS DISPLAYED IN OTHER ROUTINES. tO LEAVE edit, PRESS THE menu KEY. yOU WILL BE ASKED IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT TO LEAVE. pRESS THE "y" KEY TO RETURN TO THE menu. exit tO LEAVE THE PROGRAM, PLACE THE CURSOR ON THE exit LINE AND PRESS return. yOU WILL HAVE TO VERIFY THAT YOU WISH TO DO SO BY PRESSING "y". experiment with the basefile fEEL FREE TO USE THE SAMPLE BASEFILE AND EXPLORE THE COMPOSITION OF THE bRIGHT AND gIBBON FAMILIES. oNCE YOU ARE WELL-VERSED IN THE OPERATION OF roots/m, YOU CAN DELETE THIS FILE TO FREE AS MUCH DISK SPACE AS POSSIBLE FOR YOUR OWN FAMILY TREE. 10 chapter iii the pedigree chart and family group sheet what to take along bESIDES DISCRETION, IMAGINATION, PERSEVERANCE AND CURIOSITY, A PAIR OF GENEALOGICAL TOOLS SHOULD ACCOMPANY YOU DURING YOUR SEARCH. tHESE TOOLS- THE PEDIGREE CHART AND THE FAMILY GROUP SHEET- SERVE AS OUTLINES, SCRATCH PADS, PERMANENT RECORDS AND GUIDES ALL AT THE SAME TIME. tOGETHER THEY PRESENT THE COMPOSITION OF A SINGLE FAMILY AND THE SPREAD OF THAT FAMILY OVER SEVERAL GENERATIONS. fILLING OUT THE PEDIGREE CHART AND THE FAMILY GROUP SHEETS SHOWS HOW FAR YOU NEED TO GO. tHE EXAMPLES ON PAGES 13 AND 14 SHOW WHAT THE roots/m PEDIGREE CHART AND FAMILY GROUP SHEETS LOOK LIKE. rEFERRING TO THE NAMES IN THE SAMPLE BASE- FILE THAT ACCOMPANIES THE roots/m DISTRIBUTION DISK, ENVISION aLBERT bRIGHT, THE DIMINUTIVE INHABITANT OF rEGENCIA, CARRYING THESE DOCUMENTS ONTO THE BATTLEFIELD TO MEET gEORGE gIBBON. tHE PEDIGREE CHART IS THE MORE FAMILIAR OF THE TWO FORMS. (tHE WORD, "PEDIGREE", IN SPITE OF ITS HIGH-SOCIETY CONNOTATIONS, IS DERIVED FROM TWO lATIN WORDS, "PED", MEANING "FOOT" AND "GRUS", WHICH MEANS "CRANE". lINES SHOWING DESCENT IN EARLY GENEALOGIES LOOKED LIKE THE FOOT OF A CRANE.) dEPENDING ON THE SIZE OF THE PAPER AND THE PRINTING, MANY GENER- ATIONS OF ANCESTORS CAN BE SHOWN ON THE SAME PEDIGREE CHART. tHE CHART BEGINS WITH A SINGLE PERSON, IN THIS CASE aLBERT bRIGHT, AND TRACES HIS FAMILY LINE BACK ON BOTH HIS PARENT'S SIDE. aRNOLD bRIGHT WAS HIS FATHER AND eLIZABETH gRIFFEN, HIS MOTHER. (wOMEN ARE LISTED BY THEIR MAIDEN NAMES IN GENEALOGICAL CHARTS.) aLBERT'S GRANDPARENTS- sIR aRTHUR bRIGHT, hELEN cAP, hAROLD gRIFFEN AND sARA gOODE- APPEAR IN THE NEXT EARLIER GENERATION. tHEIR PARENTS, aLBERT'S GREAT-GRANDPARENTS, APPEAR ON THE CHART ONE STEP BACK. tHERE IS ROOM ON THE CHART FOR BIRTH, MARRIAGE AND DEATH STATISTICS AND THE PLACE OF RESIDENCE AT EACH EVENT. nOTICE THAT FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL IN THE FIFTH GENERATION, THERE IS A NUM- BER DIRECTING YOU TO ANOTHER PEDIGREE CHART. eACH INDIVIDUAL IN THE PED- IGREE IS NUMBERED- NO. 1 FOR aLBERT, NO. 2 FOR HIS FATHER, aRNOLD, NO. 3 FOR HIS MOTHER, eLIZABETH. wHEN THE PEDIGREE CONTAINS MORE THAN FIVE GEN- ERATIONS, MORE THAN ONE CHART IS NEEDED TO INCLUDE ALL THE NAMES. tHE NUMBERS ARE A REFERENCING SYSTEM THAT KEEPS TRACK OF A PEDIGREE FILLING MORE THAN ONE PAGE. tHE FORMAT OF THE PRINTED PEDIGREE CHART WILL VARY DEPENDING UPON THE PRINTER YOU ARE USING WITH roots/m. iN THE UPPER RIGHT-HAND CORNOR OF A 72-CHARACTER WIDTH PRINTER, aLBERTS PEDIGREE IS LABELED "cHART 1". tHE CHART NUMBER WILL APPEAR AT THE TOP OF THE PAGE IF YOU ARE USING A 132 CHARACTER WIDTH PRINTER. aT THE BOTTOME OF THE PAGE WITH THE 72 CHARACTER PRINTER IS THE LINE, "nO. 1 ON THIS PAGE IS THE SAME AS PERSON NO.___ ON CHART NO.___ ". tHAT LINE APPEARS IN THE UPPER LEFT WITH A 132 CHAR_ ACTER PRINTER. sINCE THIS EXAMPLE IS THE FIRST OF PERHAPS MANY PAGES OF A LARGE PEDIGREE, THE LINE AT THE TOP IS LEFT BLANK. iT IS UNNECESSARY TO SAY, "nO. 1 ON THIS PAGE IS THE SAME PERSON NO. 1 ON CHART NO. 1". sHOULD YOU WISH TO CONTINUE THE PEDIGREE CHART, YOU COULD PLACE aLISTAIR bRIGHT, NO. 16 ON THIS CHART, IN THE NO. 1 POSITION OF ANOTHER CHART. tHE CODE AT THE END OF THE LINE INDICATES THAT THE NEXT CHART, WITH aLISTAIR bRIGHT IN THE NO. 1 POSITION, WOULD BE CHART NO. 2. tHE LINE AT THE BOTTOM OF CHART NO. 2 WOULD READ, "nO. 1 ON THIS PAGE IS THE SAME PERSON AS PERSON NO. 16 ON CHART NO. 1". uSING THE NUMBERS AS A REFERENCE 11 YOU CAN WORK BACK AND FORTH FROM CHART TO CHART. tHE IMPORTANT RULE TO REMEMBER WHEN USING THE TWO FORMS IS BE CONSISTENT. bE SURE YOU CAN WORK FROM ONE TO THE OTHER WITHOUT ENCOUNTERING INEXPLIC- ABLE DISCREPANCIES. mAKE SURE SPELLINGS MATCH AND THAT DATES ARE ENTERED IN A CONSISTENT FASHION. 12 dRAKE'S roots/m v1.04.01 pedigree chart cHART 1 aRCHIBALD bRIGHT ___________________________ sIR aRTHUR bRIGHT {$7c} 8 continued on chart 2 __________________________________{$7c} {$7c} 4 born 1 feb 830 {$7c} gWENDOLYN gIBBON {$7c} * where rEGENCIA {$7c}___________________________ {$7c} died 15 nOV 861 9 continued on chart 3 {$7c} where oXLAND {$7c} married 6 sEP 847 {$7c} aRNOLD bRIGHT ______________________________ {$7c} 2 born 16 mAY 848 {$7c} * where rEGENCIA {$7c} died 15 nOV 880 {$7c} where oXLAND {$7c} married 10 jUN 868 gEORGE cAP {$7c} ___________________________ {$7c} {$7c}hELEN cAP {$7c} 10 continued on chart 4 {$7c} {$7c}__________________________________{$7c} {$7c} 5 born 8 mAY 832 {$7c}mARION sMITH {$7c} where rEGENCIA {$7c}___________________________ {$7c} died 17 jUL 857 11 continued on chart 5 {$7c} where rEGENCIA {$7c} {$7c} aLBERT bRIGHT ______________________________ 1 born 3 jAN 870 where rEGENCIA died where married _____________________________ name OF husband or wife gEORGE gRIFFIN ___________________________ {$7c} hAROLD gRIFFEN {$7c} 12 continued on chart 6 {$7c} __________________________________{$7c} {$7c} {$7c} 6 born 30 mAY 833 {$7c}hELEN rANDALL {$7c} {$7c} * where rEGENCIA {$7c}___________________________ {$7c} {$7c} died 23 sEP 853 13 continued on chart 7 {$7c} {$7c} where rEGENCIA {$7c} {$7c} married 5 jUN 849 {$7c} {$7c} {$7c}eLIZABETH gRIFFIN {$7c}______________________________ 3 born 20 fEB 850 where rEGENCIA died 18 aPR 885 where rEGENCIA jACK gOODE {$7c} ___________________________ {$7c}sARA gOODE {$7c} 14 continued on chart 8 {$7c}__________________________________{$7c} 7 born 1 jUN 829 {$7c}mARY bELLY where rEGENCIA {$7c}____________________________ died 2 jUL 860 15 continued on chart 9 where rEGENCIA nO. 1 ON THIS CHART IS THE SAME PERSON AS NO. ON CHART NO. 13 dRAKE'S roots/m v1.04.01 family group sheet husband: aLBERT bRIGHT ____________________________________________ born: 3 jAN 870 place: rEGENCIA marr: place: died: place: father: aRNOLD bRIGHT * mother: eLIZABETH gRIFFEN husband's other wives: wife: __________________________________________________________ born: place: died: place: father: mother: wife's other husbands: children: 1. _______________________________________________________________ born: place: first married: died: 2. _______________________________________________________________ born: place: first married: died: 3. _______________________________________________________________ born: place: first married: died: 4. _______________________________________________________________ born: place: first married: died: 5. _______________________________________________________________ born: place: first married: died: 6. _______________________________________________________________ born: place: first married: died: 7. _______________________________________________________________ born: place: first married: died: 8. _______________________________________________________________ born: place: first married: died: 9. _______________________________________________________________ born: place: first married: died: 10. _______________________________________________________________ born: place: first married: died: 14 chapter iv what you need to know before loading roots/m onward and upward with the computer tHE SEARCH FOR ANCESTRY WILL TAKE YOU ALL OVER THE MAP, YET, IN HOWEVER MANY DIRECTIONS YOU TRAVEL, YOU'LL FINALLY COME BACK HOME, READY TO ADD THE RESULTS OF EACH TRIP TO A GROWING PERMANENT RECORD. rECEIVING THE NAMES OF ANCESTORS AND INFORMATION THAT IDENTIFIES THEM, roots/m WILL DISPLAY YOUR FAMILY TREE IN A NUMBER OF WAYS. iT WILL RE- PRODUCE A PEDIGREE CHART ON THE VIDEO SCREEN AND PRINTER FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL ON THE TREE; DISPLAY THE COMPOSITION OF EVERY FAMILY; DETER- MINE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO MEMBERS OF THE TREE; AND KEEP TRACK OF THE ANNIVERSARIES OF BIRTHS, DEATHS AND MARRIAGES. aLL OF ITS DISPLAYS TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE GRAPHICS CAPABILITIES OF YOUR TERMINAL. tHE RESULT OF A SUCCESSFUL SEARCH IS A HUGE BANK OF DATA. roots/m WAS WRITTEN TO PRESERVE AS MUCH SPACE AS POSSIBLE FOR NAMES, DATES, AND PLACES. mANY OF THE INDIVIDUALS ON YOUR FAMILY TREE WILL HAVE THE SAME LAST NAMES. iF YOU HAVE TWO OR MORE SUBJECTS WITH THE SAME LAST NAME, THE COMPUTER WILL STORE THE NAME-STRING THAT THOSE TWO ANCESTORS HAVE IN COMMON ONLY ONCE. fOR EXAMPLE, IF YOUR NAME IS "sMITH" AND YOU HAVE 86 sMITHS ON YOUR FAMILY TREE, roots/m ONLY STORES THE NAME "sMITH" ONCE. fOR EVERY OTHER sMITH IN THE PROGRAM RE-USES THE ONE NAME-STRING, ELIM- INATING THE UNNECESSSARY STORAGE OF 85 OTHER "sMITH" NAME-STRINGS. iN SHORT, WHEREVER IT IS POSSIBLE TO SAVE SPACE FOR MORE NAMES, roots/m DOES SO. roots/m WILL ALSO PRINT BLANK PEDIGREE CHARTS AND FAMILY GROUP SHEETS WHICH YOU CAN USE DURING YOUR RESEARCH OR TO SEND TO OTHER GENEALOGIST- MEMBERS OF YOUR FAMILY. tHE PROGRAM KEEPS TRACK OF THE NUMBERING SYSTEM USED TO REFERENCE A PEDIGREE CHART THAT COVERS MORE THAN ONE PAGE. yOU NEED NOT ENTER NAMES WITH AN IDENTIFYING NUMBER- ONE OF THE CONVENIENT FEATURES OF THE PROGRAM. program storage capacity how to name and use basefiles roots/m PACKS THE INFORMATION YOU ENTER TO INCREASE THE NUMBER OF AN- CESTORS YOU CAN INCLUDE ON YOUR FAMILY TREE. bY BEING CONSISTENT IN THE WAY YOU SPELL AND PUNCTUATE NAMES AND PLACES, YOU CAN MAINTAIN THE LARG- EST POSSIBLE GENEALOGICAL FILE. tHE AMOUNT OF ram IN YOUR COMPUTER AND THE CONFIGURATION OF YOUR DISK DRIVES WILL DETERMINE THE ULTIMATE CEILING ON THE NUMBER OF NAMES YOU CAN STORE. tHE TABLE ON THE NEXT PAGE SUMMAR- IZES THE APPROXIMATE STORAGE CAPACITY FOR VARIOUS SYSTEMS. the basefile aLL THE DATA YOU ENTER AS MEMBERS OF YOUR FAMILY TREE ARE STORED IN A SINGLE FILE CALLED THE "BASEFILE." wHEN YOU LOAD THE PROGRAM, THIS BASE- FILE, basefile.bin, IS TRANSFERRED FROM THE DISK INTO ram WHERE IT STAYS WHILE THE PROGRAM IS RUNNING. iF THERE IS NO BASEFILE ON ANY DISK IN YOUR 15 SYSTEM, YOU CAN CREATE ONE WITH THE edit ROUTINE. uNLESS YOU SPECIFY OTHERWISE, roots/m WILL AUTOMATICALLY NAME THE FILE YOU CREATE "basefile .bin". (yOU MAY ALSO CREATE FILES WITH ANY NAME YOU WISH. tHE EXTENSION OF THE FILE WILL BE ASSIGNED ".bin", AND SO IT IS NOT NECESSARY FOR YOU TO ASSIGN YOUR OWN EXTENSION. roots/m ONLY RECOGNIZES BASEFILES WITH THE EXTENSION ".bin". tHE PROCEDURE FOR OPENING MORE THAN ONE FILE TO CONTAIN THE GENEALOGICAL DATA YOU ENTER IS COVERED LATER ON IN THIS SECTION.) wHEN YOU ARE FINISHED WITH YOUR FIRST EDITING SESSION, THE DATA YOU HAVE ENTERED WILL BE STORED ON DISK, EITHER AS basefile.bin OR AS (YOUR FILE- NAME).bin . iN THE NEXT AND ALL SUBSEQUENT EDITING SESSIONA, YOU LOAD basefile.bin FROM THE DISK INTO RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY IN THE COMPUTER AND ENTER MORE DATA. wHEN YOU GIVE THE COMMAND TO UPDATE THE DISK WITH THE INFORMATION YOU HAVE JUST ENTERED, THE PROGRAM RENAMES THE UNEDITED FILE, basefile. bak OR (YOUR FILENAME).bak AND LEAVES IT ON THE DISK OTHERWISE UNCHANGED. a NEW basefile.bin CONTAINING ALL THE DATA THAT WAS ON THE FILE PRIOR TO THE LATEST EDITING SESSION PLUS THE NEW DATA, IS THEN PLACED ON THE DISK. eACH TIME YOU ENTER MORE DATA AND UPDATE THE DISK, THE OLD basefile.bin IS RENAMED basefile.bak AND STORED AS A BACK-UP FILE IN THE UNLIKELY EVENT THAT YOU LOSE THE CONTENTS OF THE FILE DURING AN EDITING SESSION. tHIS ALSO ALLOWS YOU TO DELETE A NEW basefile.bin IF YOU WANT TO REMOVE THE CHANGES MADE IN THE LAST EDITING SESSION. yOU MAY RECOVER THE PREV- IOUS DATA BY RENAMING basefile.bak TO basefile.bin USING cp/m'S "RENAME" COMMAND "ren". eVERY TIME YOU ENTER A NEW INDIVIDUAL INTO THE FILE, roots/m CREATES A NEW RECORD. yOUR FIRST SEVERAL RECORDS WILL CONSUME MORE MEMORY SPACE THAN WILL LATER RECORDS BECAUSE YOU ARE USING SOME NAME- AND PLACE- STRINGS FOR THE FIRST TIME. aS YOU CONTINUE EXPANDING THE FILE, RE- USING SOME OF THE SAME NAME- AND PLACE- STRINGS, EACH NEW RECORD WILL CONSUME SMALLER AND SMALLER AMOUNTS OF MEMORY. eACH NEW RECORD AND ITS ACCOMPANYING IDENTIFYING DATA USES AN AVERAGE OF 30 BYTES OF MEMORY. tHE NUMBER OF NAMES YOU CAN STORE WILL BE LIMITED BY EITHER THE DISK CAPACITY OR AVAILABLE ram. roots/m WITH A BASEFILE REQUIRES AT LEAST 32k OF ram FOR OPERATION, SINCE THE PROGRAM ALONE AND cp/m OCCUPY A TOTAL OF 16k. tHE TABLE BELOW LISTS THE APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF RECORDS THAT CAN BE STORED BY VARIOUS SYSTEMS; THE FIGURES MAY VARY DEPENDING UPON THE bios (bASIC iNPUT/oUTPUT sYSTEM) AND CONSOLE DRIVER SIZE IN YOUR roots/m SYSTEM. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- roots/m record capacity ----------------------------------------------------------------------- disk space needed for approx. no. system ram basefile size basefile of records 32k 16k 32k 500 40k 24k 48k 800 48k 32k 64k 1000 56k 40k 80k 1300 64k 48k 96k 1600 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- yOU WILL ALSO NEED ROOM FOR BOTH THE basefile.bin AND basefile.bak ON THE DISK, ALTHOUGH THEY DO NOT HAVE TO BE ON THE SAME DISK AS roots/m OR cp/m 16 tHE TWELVE FILES COMPRISING roots/m, NOT INCLUDING THE SAMPLE BASEFILE, REQUIRE ABOUT 32k OF DISK SPACE. tO SUPPORT A SYSTEM WITH 64k OF ram TO MAXIMUM CAPACITY, YOU NEED A DISK CAPACITY OF 128k, NOT INCLUDING cp/m ITSELF. sINGLE-DENSITY, SINGLE-SIDED, 5-1/4 INCH, 40-TRACK DISKS USED, FOR INSTANCE, BY hEATH SYSTEMS, ARE ABLE TO STORE 90,000 BYTES OF INFOR- MATION, OR 90k. tHE STORAGE CAPACITIES OF DOUBLE-SIDED, DOUBLE-DENSITY AND EIGHT-INCH DISKS ARE CORRESPONDINGLY HIGHER. locating basefiles on separate disks iF YOU DO NOT WISH TO INCLUDE THE BASEFILE ON THE roots/m DISK, YOU MAY STORE A FILE WITH ANY NAME OF YOUR CHOOSING ON A DISK IN ANY DRIVE OF YOUR CHOOSING. yOU MAY ALSO TRANSFER BASEFILES FROM DISK TO DISK USING cp/m'S pERIPHERAL iNTERCHANGE pROGRAM (pip). dEPENDING UPON THE LOCATION OF THE DISK WHICH YOU WISH TO USE TO STORE YOUR BASEFILE AND THE NAME OF THE BASEFILE, THE COMMANDS USED TO LOAD roots/m CAN VARY. iN THE cp/m COMMAND MODE A SINGLE-LETTER ABBREVIATION FOR THE DRIVE LOCATION WILL APPEAR BESIDE THE PROMPT ONCE A DISK HAS BEEN BOOTED. nORMALLY, YOU CAN LOAD roots/m BY TYPING THE WORD, "roots" AND THEN return IN RESPONSE TO THE PROMPT. aS THE PROGRAM IS LOADED, THE COMPUTER LOOKS FOR A BASEFILE NAMED basefile.bin WHICH CONTAINS YOUR GENEALOGICAL RECORD. iF IT FINDS NO FILE WITH THE SPECIFIED NAME ON THE SPECIFIED DRIVE, IT WILL NOTIFY YOU: "nO bASEFILE. uSE edit TO CREATE ONE." wHEN RUNNING roots/m FOR THE FIRST TIME, AND AS YOU CREATE A BASEFILE USING edit, THE CONTENTS OF THAT SESSION WILL BE FILED IN basefile.bin, AND STORED ON THE roots/m DISK IN THE DRIVE DESIGNATED BY THE LETTER BESIDE THE PROMPT. yOU MAY WISH TO OPEN ANOTHER BASEFILE, NOT NECESSARILY NAMED basefile.bin AND PLACE IT ON A DISK LOCATED IN A SEPARATE DRIVE. aFTER TYPING "roots" TO LOAD THE PROGRAM AND BEFORE PRESSING return, IDENTIFY THE DESIRED DRIVE WITH ITS SINGLE-LETTER DESIGNATION FOLLOWED BY A COLON AND THEN THE DESIRED FILENAME. fOR INSTANCE, WITH roots/m IN DRIVE a, SAY YOU WISH TO CREATE A FILE WITH THE NAME, "smith.bin", TO CONTAIN AN ENTIRE FAMILY LINE ON THE DISK IN DRIVE c. iN RESPONSE TO THE PROMPT ASKING YOU TO LOAD roots/m, TYPE: " roots c:smith " --or-- " roots c:smith.bin " tHIS WILL LOAD THE PROGRAM AND CAUSE THE CONTENTS OF THE EDITING SESSIONS TO BE PLACED IN THE FILE smith.bin WHICH WILL BE LOCATED IN DRIVE c. oNCE smith.bin IS STORED ON A DISK YOU MAY LOAD IT (OR ANY OTHER FILE) WITH THE PROGRAM BY TYPING "roots (dRIVE):(fILENAME)". tHAT WILL GIVE YOU ACCESS TO THE RECORDS CONTAINED IN THE PARTICULAR FILE. iF YOU ONLY TYPE THE WORD "roots" TO LOAD THE PROGRAM, THE PROGRAM WILL SEARCH THE DEFAULT DRIVE FOR THE FILE WITH THE NAME basefile.bin. iF IT DOES NOT FIND THAT FILE, IT WILL CREATE A basefile.bin ON THE DEFAULT 17 DISK. uNLESS YOU SPECIFY A PARTICULAR FILE, roots/m WILL ASSUME THAT YOU WISH TO WORK WITH basefile.bin. bEING ABLE TO STORE FILES ON MORE THAN ONE DISK INCREASES THE PROGRAM'S FLEXIBILITY BY ALLOWING YOU TO CREATE SEPERATE FILES FOR SEPERATE FAMILY LINES OR SPLIT A DATABASE ACROSS SEVERAL DISKS IF THE SPACE IS LIMITED. eACH TIME roots/m IS LOADED, THE BASEFILE YOU HAVE CHOSEN TO USE IS LOAD- ED INTO THE COMPUTER'S ram. tHE PROGRAM IS ABLE TO DISPLAY INFORMATION FROM THE BASEFILE QUICKLY, BECAUSE THAT BASEFILE IS STORED IN ram. iT DOES NOT HAVE TO TAKE THE TIME TO SEARCH DISKS. tHIS MEANS, HOWEVER, THAT roots/m CANNOT CROSS-REFERENCE BETWEEN BASEFILES THAT ARE LOCATED ON SEPERATE DISKS OR BETWEEN BASEFILES WITH DIFFERENT NAMES STORED ON THE SAME DISK. aT ONE TIME, THE PROGRAM CAN USE INFORMATION STORED ONLY IN ONE BASEFILE. deleting non-essential files aT THIS POINT, roots/m IS READY TO RUN. aS YOUR BASEFILE GROWS THERE ARE A FEW MORE CHANGES YOU CAN MAKE TO INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF STORAGE SPACE ON THE DISK. tHIS APPLIES PRIMARILY TO THOSE WHO USE DISKS WITH A CAPA- CITY OF LESS THAN 128k, OR THOSE WHO PLAN TO FILL MORE THAN ONE BASEFILE ON A SINGLE DISK. sINCE THE PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO HOLD AS MANY NAMES AS POSSIBLE IN THE FILE, ANYTHING YOU CAN DO TO ASSIST IN THAT DIRECTION WILL HELP. yOU CAN INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF STORAGE SPACE BY ELIMINATING ANY UNNECESSARY SYSTEM PROGRAMS. uSE THE "dir" COMMAND TO FIND OUT WHAT IS INCLUDED ON THE DISK. iF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH YOU WILL NEED, LEAVE THEM ALONE FOR NOW. aS YOU WORK WITH roots/m, YOU'LL DISCOVER WHICH ROUTINES WILL BE NECESSARY, AND THEN YOU CAN ERASE THE EXCESS FILES. tHE DISK DIRECTORY CAN BE EXAMINED WHEN IN THE cp/m COMMAND MODE. wHEN IN THAT MODE ALL cp/m UTILITIES CAN BE USED TO EXAMINE, COPY, AND DELETE FILES. sOME CANDIDATES FOR DELETION ARE: UNUSED CONSOLE DRIVERS;instrt.com ;UNUSED cp/m UTILITIES SUCH AS asm.com; THE ERROR DISPLAY UTILITY; errormsg.com; AND THE SAMPLE DATABASE, bright.bin. chapter v getting started bEFORE USING roots/m MAKE SURE YOUR EQUIPMENT IS IN WORKING ORDER AND THAT YOU HAVE ALL THAT YOU NEED TO RUN THE PROGRAM. mAKE SURE ALL UNITS ARE CONNECTED PROPERLY AND THAT THE TERMINAL AND PRINTER ARE "ON LINE". a word on the care of the disk yOU CAN'T BE TOO CAREFUL WITH FLOPPY DISKS. eACH IS MADE OF FRAGILE PLASTIC MATERIAL, MUCH LIKE THAT USED FOR TAPE RECORDERS, COATED WITH MAGNETIC OXIDE AND ENCASED IN A COVER SLIP. tHEY ARE QUITE SENSITIVE TO TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, TOUCH, AND ESPECIALLY MAGNETIC SOURCES, SUCH AS TELEVISION SETS. kEEP THE DISKS AWAY FROM MAGNETIC FIELDS, AND STORE THEM IS A SAFE PLACE. iF YOU EVER WANT TO WRITE ON THE DISK COVER, USE 18 A SOFT-TIPPED PEN TO AVOID DAMAGING THE DISK INSIDE. nEVER TURN A DISK DRIVE ON OR OFF WHILE THERE IS A DISK INSIDE. tURN THE POWER ON FIRST; INSERT THE DISK. rEMOVE THE DISK; THEN TURN THE POWER OFF. tO GUARD AGAINST ACCIDENTIAL LOSS OF VALUABLE DATA STORED ON A DISK, MAKE COPIES OF ALL IMPORTANT MATERIAL. make a copy of the distribution disk uSE THE APPROPRIATE cp/m PROCEDURE TO MAKE A COPY OF THE DISTRIBUTION DISK. uSE THE WORKING COPY OF roots/m AND STORE THE DISTRIBUTION DISK IN A SAFE PLACE. fOR EXAMPLE, IN A TWO-DRIVE SYSTEM USE THE cp/m COMMAND: pip a:=b:*.*[v] TO COPY THE CONTENTS OF THE DISTRIBUTION DISK IN DRIVE b TO DRIVE a. transfer the console driver roots/m IS SUPPLIED WITH CONSOLE DRIVERS FOR MANY POPULAR crt TERMINALS. tHE PROGRAM RECOGNIZES ONLY CONSOLE DRIVERS NAMED "cod.nrm", SO YOU MUST BE SURE THAT YOUR TERMINAL IS NAMED OR RENAMED cod.nrm BEFORE PROCEEDING. uSE THE INSERT IN THE FRONT POCKET OF THE MANUAL TO FIND THE NAME OF THE CONSOLE DRIVER THAT APPLIES TO YOUR TERMINAL. tHE notes COLUMN OF THE TABLE LISTS SWITCH SETTINGS WHICH MUST BE MADE IN THE TERMINAL YOU HAVE SELECTED FOR USE WITH roots/m. tHE SWITCH SELECTIONS ARE GENERALLY HARD- WARE OR FIRMWARE OPTIONS WITHIN THE TERMINAL THAT ENABLE CERTAIN TERMINAL FEATURES SUCH AS FULL DUPLEX OPERATION. uSE THE cp/m renAME COMMAND IF NECESSARY TO MAKE SURE YOUR TERMINAL'S CONSOLE DRIVER IS NAMED cod.nrm. aSSUMING THE roots/m DISK IS IN DRIVE a, THE FORMAT FOR THIS COMMAND IS: a>ren cod.nrm=(YOUR CONSOLE DRIVER).nrm how to load roots/m roots/m IS LOADED FROM THE cp/m COMMAND MODE BY TYPING "roots" AND THE NAME OF THE BASEFILE WHICH CONTAINS THE GENEALOGICAL RECORDS YOU WISH TO USE DURING THAT SESSION WITH THE PROGRAM. tHE roots/m DISTRIBUTION DISK IS SUPPLIED WITH A SAMPLE BASEFILE NAMED "bright.bin" , AND TO LOAD roots/m WITH THAT FILE YOU WOULD TYPE, "roots bright.bin" OR SIMPLY, "roots bright" . yOU MAY CREATE A BASEFILE WITH ANY NAME YOU LIKE WHEN YOU LOAD roots/m. tO CREATE A BASEFILE FROM THE cp/m COMMAND MODE, TYPE "roots (FILENAME)" AND PRESS return. tHE PROGRAM WILL RESPOND BY ASKING YOU TO SUPPLY THE DATE. a NUMBER OF ROUTINES IN roots/m USE THE DATE TO CALCULATE AGES. iF YOU WISH TO OMIT THE DATE, YOU MAY PRESS return INSTEAD OF ENTERING A DATE. oNCE YOU HAVE SPECIFIED A DATE OR PRESSED return, THE roots/m menu WILL APPEAR. 19 iF roots/m IS LOCATED ON A DRIVE OTHER THAN DRIVE a, BE SURE TO SPECIFY THAT DRIVE AS THE "DEFAULT" DRIVE BEFORE CALLING roots/m. iF USING DRIVE b TO LOAD A BASEFILE FROM DRIVE c, FOR EXAMPLE, USE THIS FORMAT: a>b: b>roots c:basefile error messages iF THE FILE errormsg.ovl IS ON THE DISK, THE ERRORS LISTED BELOW WILL BE DISPLAYED AUTOMATICALLY IF AN ERROR IS DETECTED BY THE OPERATING SYSTEM. oTHERWISE, USE THIS TABLE TO INTERPRET roots/m ERRORS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- code description action 1 nOT eNOUGH mEMORY mORE SYSTEM ram REQUIRED 2 fILE rEAD eRROR rEPLACE CORRUPT FILE FROM BACKUP 3 bASEFILE cORRUPT sAME AS 2 4 sTACK eRROR rESTART PROGRAM 5 dIRECTORY fULL tRANSFER FILES TO ANOTHER DISK 6 oVERLAY tOO lONG cUSTOM datmod.ovl TOO LONG 7 nO fREE sPACE ON THE mEDIA sAME AS 5 8 cAN'T cLOSE fILE rELOAD PROGRAM ------------------------------------------------------------------------- menu aFTER YOU HAVE SUPPLIED OR CHOSEN TO OMIT THE DATE, FIRST TO APPEAR ON THE SCREEN IS THE menu WHICH SERVES AS A TABLE OF CONTENTS AND AS A DOOR INTO EACH OF THE SEPERATE SECTIONS OF THE PROGRAM. roots/m CONSISTS OF NINE ROUTINES: instructions, list, family, trace, print, relationship, anniversary, edit AND THEN AN exit ROUTINE. eACH ONE OF THESE WILL BE EXPLAINED INDIVIDUALLY. the cursor tHE CURSOR, WHICH WILL FIRST APPEAR ON THE LEFT-HAND SIDE OF THE instructions LINE, IS MOVED UP AND DOWN THE menu WITH THE TERMINAL'S CURSOR CONTROL KEYS. tHE home KEY MOVES THE CURSOR ALTERNATELY TO THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF THE menu. yOU SELECT ANY ONE OF THE NIME ROUTINES BY PLACING THE CURSOR NEXT TO THE NAME OF THE ONE DESIRED AND PRESSING return. the program control keys jUST BELOW THE menu IS A LINE OF DESIGNATIONS THAT CORRESPONDS TO VARIOUS KEYS ON THE KEYBOARD THAT CONTROL THE OPERATION OF roots/m. tHESE KEYS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS ARE PLACED IN THE DESIGNATION LINE WHEN THE ARE ACTIVE. wITH THE menu ON THE SCREEN, THE DESIGNATION "s=SWAP" APPEARS IN THE DESIGNATION LINE TO SHOW THAT THE "s" KEY IS ACTIVE. oTHER LEGENDS THAT 20 APPEAR DURING THE COURSE OF THE PROGRAM ARE SHOWN IN THE TABLE BELOW. tHE return AND CERTAIN OTHER KEYS ARE CALLED FOR OCCASIONALLY. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- program control keys ------------------------------------------------------------------------- key {$7c} designation {$7c} description ------------------------------------------------------------------------- s {$7c} swap {$7c}eXCHANGES F-TABLE ROW F1-F5 WITH F6-F10 TO ENABLE {$7c} {$7c}YOU TO VIEW ALL TEN ENTRIES. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- \ {$7c} menu {$7c}pRESSING THIS KEY RETURNS YOU TO THE MAIN menu TO {$7c} {$7c}ENABLE YOU TO MAKE ANOTHER SELECTION. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- y,n {$7c} yes, no {$7c}uSED IN RESPONSE TO SPECIFIC QUERIES AT VARIOUS {$7c} {$7c}POINTS IN THE PROGRAM. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- f,r {$7c} forward, {$7c}uSED IN instructions, list AND anniversary TO PAGE {$7c} reverse {$7c}BACKWARD AND FORWARD BETWEEN MULTIPLE PAGES IN THE {$7c} {$7c}ROUTINE. uSED IN family TO MOVE FORWARD AND BACK- {$7c} {$7c}WARD FROM ONE GENERATION TO ANOTHER. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- the fetch-table pERHAPS the MOST IMPORTANT FEATURE OF THE PROGRAM IS THE F-TABLE, A DATA- FIELD LINKED TO THE TEN NUMERIC KEYS ON THE KEYBOARD. tHE F-TABLE, WHICH IS A HOLDING TANK FOR INDIVIDUALS PULLED FROM THE BASEFILE, DOES NOT APPEAR ON THE SCREEN WHEN THE PROGRAM IS FIRST CALLED UP. iT CAN BE THOUGHT OF AS A SMALL FILE WHICH APPEARS ON THE SCREEN THAT ALLOWS YOU TO SEQUESTER MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY TREE WHOM YOU WISH TO USE WHILE RUNNING roots/m. tHE F-TABLE IS VALUABLE BECAUSE ITS CONTENTS DO NOT CHANGE AS YOU MOVE FROM ONE ROUTINE TO ANOTHER. tHE TABLE WILL ACCOMMODATE THE NAMES OF TEN MENBERS OF THE FAMILY TREE. aLTHOUGH ONLY FIVE NAMES APPEAR AT A TIME ON THE SCREEN, PRESSING THE "s" KEY FLIPS THE TABLE BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN THE FIRST AND SECOND FIVE NAMES WHEN IT IS ACTIVE. yOU CAN ENTER A NAME INTO THE F-TABLE BY PLACING THE CURSOR NEXT TO A NAME AND PRESSING A NUMERIC KEY WHEN IN THE list, family, trace, OR anniversary ROUTINES. wITH THE list ROUTINE, FOR INSTANCE, YOU CAN GET A LISTING OF ALL OR A PORTION OF THE BASEFILE. wHEN YOU HAVE SUCH A LISTING, YOU MAY PLACE THE CURSOR NEXT TO A NAME THAT APPEARS AND PRESS ONE OF THE NUMERIC KEYS. tHE NAME SELECTED WILL THEN APPEAR IN THE TABLE ON THE LINE THAT CORRESPONDS TO THE KEY PRESSED. tHE DESIGNATION LINE INCLUDES A SPACE FOR THE TEN NUMERALS WHEN EACH IS ACTIVATED BY THE PROGRAM. oNCE YOU HAVE ENTERED AN INDIVIDUAL'S NAME INTO THE F-TABLE DURING THE RUNNING OF ONE ROUTINE, YOU CAN LEAVE THAT ROUTINE AND RETURN TO THE menu WITH THE CONTENTS OF THE F-TABLE INTACT. oNCE THE TABLE IS FILLED, YOU CAN CONTINUE TO ADD NAMES USING NUMERIC KEYS, REPLACING AN INDIVIDUAL WITH A NEW NAME. tHE NEW NAME WILL BE PAINTED OVER THE OLD. 21 instructions pLACE THE CURSOR ON THE instructions LINE AND PRESS return FOR A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF roots/m. tHE FIRST PAGE OF INSTRUCTIONS WILL APPEAR. nOTICE THAT THE DESIGNATIONS FOR THE PROGRAM CONTROL KEYS: "f=FORWARD" ; "\=MENU". tHE menu KEY WILL ALWAYS RETURN YOU TO THE menu, EITHER WITH ONE OR TWO PRESSES DEPENDING UPON WHERE YOU ARE IN A ROUTINE. tHIS DESIGNATION REMAINS ON THE SCREEN AT ALL TIMES WHEN YOU ARE ANYWHERE BUT THE menu. the forward AND reverse keys tHESE KEYS ALLOW YOU TO VIEW THE CONTENTS OF A FILE THAT IS TOO LONG TO BE CONTAINED ON THE SCREEN. yOU CAN "PAGE" BACK AND FORTH THROUGH A LONG LISTING USING THE TWO KEYS. iF YOU ARE ON THE FIRST PAGE OF A DISPLAY, YOU CANNOT MOVE BACKWARDS, AND THEREFORE THE "r=REVERSE" IS NOT PRESENT AND THE "r" KEY WILL NOT FUNCTION. wHEN YOU PAGE FORWARD ONCE, THE reverse KEY WILL BECOME FUNCTIONAL TO ALLOW YOU TO MOVE BACKWARDS TO THE PREVIOUS PAGE. mOVE THROUGH THE INSTRUCTIONS USING THE forward AND reverse KEYS TO GET AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROGRAM AND FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH THE PROGRAM CONTROL KEYS. note yOU MAY ELIMINATE THE INSTRUCTION FILE FROM THE DISK ONCE YOU HAVE BECOME FAMILIAR WITH roots/m. iF YOU NEED THE DISK SPACE, USE THE COMMAND: era instrt.ovl WHEN IN THE cp/m COMMAND MODE. chapter vi the program contents edit edit ALLOWS YOU TO BUILD A BASEFILE BY CREATING A SEPERATE "RECORD" FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL THAT IS PART OF YOUR GENEALOGICAL HISTORY. (yOU MAY ALSO MODIFY THE CONTENTS OF EACH RECORD THAT HAS BEEN CREATED AND STORED IN THE BASEFILE.) tHE BASEFILE, THEREFORE, IS A COLLECTION OF RECORDS, EACH OF WHICH CONTAINS INFORMATION ABOUT A PARTICULAR INDIVIDUAL. tWO INDIVI- DUALS DO NOT HAVE TO BE RELATED NECESSARILY TO BE PART OF THE BASEFILE. mANY OF roots/m'S FUNCTIONS, HOWEVER ARE BASED ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS THAT IS ESTABLISHED DURING THE edit SESSION. eACH RECORD CONTAINS A VARIETY OF SPACES -OR FIELDS- FOR PERSONAL DATA THAT ARE FILLED DURING edit. tHE FIELDS ARE FILLED IN TWO WAYS: SOME FIELDS -THE nAME AND dATE FIELDS, FOR INSTANCE- ARE FILLED BY TYPING IN THE APPROPRIATE INFORMATION FROM THE KEYBOARD; OTHER FIELDS -THE 22 pARENTS AND sPOUSE FIELDS, FOR INSTANCE- ARE FILLED BY PRESSING NUMERIC KEYS THAT CORRESPOND TO INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE IN THE F-TABLE. roots/m USES THE FIELDS THAT ARE FILLED FROM THE F-TABLE TO ESTABLISH THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS -OR RECORDS- AS YOU ENTER THEM INTO THE BASEFILE. tHE CONNECTION BETWEEN PARRENTS AND CHILDREN -THE ONE THAT ESTABLISHES THE SUCCESSION OF GENERATIONS -IS MADE WHEN YOU FILL THE pARENTS FIELD. tHE CONNECTION BETWEEN SPOUSES IS MADE WHEN YOU DILL THE sPOUSE FIELD OR SUPPLY THE DATE OF MARRIAGE. sINCE roots/m RELIES ON THE F-TABLE DURING edit TO MAKE CONNECTIONS BE- TWEEN INDIVIDUALS IN THE BASEFILE, SOME CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN WHEN FILLING THE pARENTS AND sPOUSE FIELDS AND THE DATE OF MARRIAGE. iNCORRECT INFOR- MATION IN THE pARENTS FIELD, FOR INSTANCE, WILL PREVENT OTHER roots/m ROUTINES FROM RECOGNIZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A PARENT AND OFF- SPRING. tHAT MISTAKE WILL CONSTITUTE A "BREAK" IN THE FAMILY LINE AND SUBSEQUENT GENERATIONS WILL NOT BE SHOWN AS RELATED TO GENERATIONS PRIOR TO THE BREAK. yOU MAY ALWAYS CORRECT A MISTAKE IN A RECORD BY DELETING THE INCORRECT INFORMATION AND RE-ENTERING CORRECT INFORMATION. aNY INADVERTANT BREAK WILL DISAPPEAR. iN ALL CASES ANY INCORRECT INFORMATION THAT IS CONTAINED IN A RECORD MAY BE DELETED AND REPLACED WITH CORRECT INFORMATION. tHE PROCEDURE FOR CREATING NEW RECORDS AND MODIFYING EXISTING RECORDS IS COVERED IN THIS SECTION OF THE MANUAL. selecting edit wHEN THE menu APPEARS AND THERE IS NO BASEFILE ON THE DISK, A MESSAGE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SCREEN WILL SAY, "nO bASEFILE- uSE edit TO CREATE ONE." (tHE DISTRIBUTION DISK CONTAINS A SAMPLE BASEFILE WHICH MAY BE ERASED FROM YOUR WORKING DISK SPACE BEFORE YOU START TO BUILD YOUR OWN BASE- FILE.) pLACE THE CURSOR ON THE edit LINE AND PRESS THE return KEY. aPPEARING THEN WILL BE THE EMPTY RECORD FIELD WHICH YOU PLACE THE NAMES OF YOUR ANCESTORS. tHE BLANK F-TABLE APPEARS AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SCREEN. the record field yOU ENTER EACH NEW MEMBER OF THE FAMILY TREE INTO THIS FIELD, CREATING A NEW RECORD FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL. tHERE IS ROOM IN THE FIELD FOR A NAME, A SEX, BIRTH, MARRIAGE AND DEATH DATES AND PLACES, PARENTS AND AS MANY AS FOUR SPOUSES. nAMES OF THE SPOUSES AND PARENTS ARE ENTERED FROM THE F-TABLE. aLL OTHER DATA ARE ENTERED FROM THE KEYBOARD. tHERE IS ALSO A PLACE TO ATTACH A "FLAG" TO ANY INDIVIDUAL. yOU MAY WISH, FOR INSTANCE, TO KEEP TRACK OF RELATIVES WHO ARE ALSO WORKING ON THE FAMILY TREE. aTTACHING A FLAG TO AN INDIVIDUAL SIMPLY PLACES AN ASTERISK NEXT TO HIS OR HER NAME WHEN IT APPEARS ELSEWHERE IN THE PROGRAM. tHE FLAG CAN MEAN ANYTHING YOU WANT. tHAT'S UP TO YOU. cursor movement tHE tab KEY MOVES THE CURSOR IN SINGLE JUMPS FROM ONE ENTRY FIELD TO 23 THE NEXT. (iF YOUR TERMINAL DOES NOT HAVE A tab KEY, USE cONTROL-i BY PRESSING THE cONTROL AND i KEYS SIMULTANEOUSLY. rEFER TO THE INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR THE TERMINAL IF NECESSARY.) tHE home KEY WILL ALWAYS BRING THE CURSOR BACK TO THE BEGINNING OF THE nAME LINE. tHE CURSOR CONTROL KEYS WILL ALSO MOVE THE CURSOR ONE SPACE AT A TIME OR FROM ONE LINE TO THE NEXT. correcting errors in a record tHE CONTENTS OF ANY RECORD CAN BE CHANGED AT ANY TIME DURING THE RUN- NING OF roots/m. eRRORS MADE WHEN ENTERING TEXT CAN BE CORRECTED WITH THE backspace KEY IF YOUR TERMINAL HAS SUCH A KEY. oN SOME TERMINALS, HOWEVER, THE BACKSPACE KEY IS SAME AS THE LEFT-ARROW KEY. a POTENTIAL CONFLICT, THEREFORE, ARISES DURING edit WHEN YOU WISH TO BACKSPACE WITH OUT DELETING ANY CHARACTERS. iF YOUR TERMINAL HAS NEITHER A UNIQUE BACKSPACE NOR LEFT-ARROW KEY, YOU MAY USE cONTROL-b TO BACKSPACE WITH OUT DELETING CHARACTERS. rEFER TO THE INSERT IN THE FRONT OF THE MANUAL POCKET FOR QUESTIONS ABOUT roots/m OPERATION WITH A VARIETY OF TERMINALS. tO ERASE THE CONTENTS OF THE nAME OR pLACE FIELDS, YOU MAY USE THE delete KEY (LABELED "rubout" ON SOME TERMINALS). tO DELETE THE NAMES OF PARENTS OR SPOUSES, YOU MAY PRESS THE LETTER "n" IN RESPONSE TO THE PROMPT FROM THE PROGRAM. registering doubt about a date AND "double dating" nOTICE THAT AFTER THE SPACES FOR BIRTH, DEATH AND MARRIAGE DATES, YOU HAVE THE OPTION, IF YOU ARE NOT SURE OF THE EXACT DATE, TO MAKE THAT FACT A PART OF THE RECORD. iF YOU ARE UNSURE OF ANY DATE, ANSWER "no" TO THE QUESTION "aRE YOU SURE?" BY PLACING AN "n" IN THE SPACE. tHIS CAUSES A "(?)" TO APPEAR AFTER THE DATE IN THE trace ROUTINE AND ON THE PRINTED SHEETS. iF YOU SUBSEQUENTLY VERIFY A DATE, YOU MAY ELIMINATE THE DOUBT BY CHANGING THE ANSWER TO THE "sURE?" QUESTION FROM A "n" TO A "y". iF YOU ARE SURE OF THE DATE, THE DEFAULT RESPONSE TO THE QUESTION IS "yES", AND YOU CAN TAB OVER THE QUESTION. wHEN YOU ENCOUNTER "DOUBLE DATES" IT IS BEST TO MAKE A DECISION TO USE EITHER THE EARLIER OR LATER DATE. iT IS ADVISABLE TO USE THE LATER, OR gREGORIAN CALENDAR, BECAUSE SEVERAL OF THE ROUTINES IN roots/m MAKE THIS ASSUMPTION WHEN COMPUTING THE NUMBER OF YEARS SINCE AN EVENT. version number AND memory count iN THE UPPER-LEFT HAND CORNER OF THE SCREEN, A VERSION NUMBER OF THE edit ROUTINE APPEARS. aS WITH THE VERSION NUMBER FOR THE ENTIRE roots/m PROGRAM, ANY INQUIRIES ABOUT THE FUNCTION OF THE edit SECTION SHOULD INCLUDE THIS NUMBER. aT THE UPPER-RIGHT IN THE FIELD IS THE NUMBER OF THE RECORD CURRENTLY ON THE SCREEN. sINCE RECORD NUMBERS ARE ASSIGNED IN THE ORDER YOU ENTER INDIVIDUALS INTO THE FILE, THIS NUMBER GIVES YOU A ROUGH ESTIMATE OF HOW LONG THAT RECORD HAS BEEN IN THE FILE RELATIVE TO OTHER RECORDS. yOU MAY ALSO USE THE NUMBER TO INDEX DOCUMENTATION FILES IF YOU WISH. 24 mIDWAY DOWN THE SCREEN A LINE KEEPS TRACK OF TOTAL NUMBER OF RECORDS YOU HAVE USED, THE AMOUNT OF SPACE THAT THOSE RECORDS OCCUPY AND THE AMOUNT OF SPACE LEFT IN THE BASEFILE. the fetch table aT THE BOTTOM OF THE SCREEN THE F-TABLE APPEARS FOR THE FIRST TIME. tHE TABLE WILL BE BLANK AT THE OUTSET OF EACH EDITING SESSION IF YOU HAVE NOT FILLED IT WITH NAMES USING ONE OF THE OTHER ROUTINES. creating new records begin with an outline aLWAYS BEGIN EACH EDITING SESSION WITH AN OUTLINE THAT INCLUDES THE NAMES OF AND PERTINENT INFORMATION ABOUT EACH ANCESTOR THAT YOU WISH TO ADD TO THE FILE. tHE BEST OUTLINE TO WORK FROM IS EITHER A PEDIGREE CHART OR THE FAMILY GROUP SHEET. iF THIS IS THE FIRST EDITING SESSION WITH roots/m, IT WILL HELP TO HAVE A PEDIGREE CHART THAT INCLUDES AT LEAST THREE GENERATIONS. iN ORDER TO SEE THE COMPLETE OPERATION OF edit, YOU WILL WAT TO ENTER PARENTS AND CHILDREN OF MORE THAN ONE GENERATION. tHE DEMONSTRATION HERE IN THE MANUAL WILL COVER THE ENTRY OF YOUR MATERNAL AND PATERNAL GRANDPARENTS, YOUR PARENTS AND THEN YOU. ************************************************************************* pATERNAL gRANDFATHER -------------------- {$7c} {$7c} fATHER {$7c} ----------------------{$7c} {$7c} {$7c} {$7c} {$7c} pATERNAL gRANDMOTHER {$7c} ----------------------- sELF {$7c} ---------------------------{$7c} pATERMAL gRANDFATHER {$7c} ---------------------- {$7c} {$7c} {$7c} {$7c} {$7c} mOTHER {$7c} {$7c}---------------------{$7c} {$7c} {$7c} {$7c} pATERNAL gRANDMOTHER ----------------------- three generation pedigree chart ************************************************************************* start with the oldest members of the tree tHE EDITING SESSIONS ARE EASIEST IF YOU START BY ENTERING THE OLDEST 25 INDIVIDUALS ON THE PEDIGREE CHART. tHE REASON FOR THIS WILL BECOME CLEAR AS YOU BECOME FAMILIAR WITH THE ROUTINE. tHE PARENTS FIELD HAS TO BE FILLED FROM THE F-TABLE USING NUMERIC KEYS. tHE PARENTS HAVE TO BE IN THE F-TABLE BEFORE THEY CAN BE PULLED FROM IT INTO THE RECORDS OF THEIR OFFSPRING. tHEREFORE, THE PARENTS HAVE TO GO IN FIRST. mOVE FROM THE EARLIEST GENERATIONS TOWARD THE LATEST. tHAT WAY YOU PROCEED CONSISTENTLY FROM PARENTS TO CHILDREN, WHO ARE THEN PARENTS THEMSELVES TO THE CHILDREN OF THE NEXT GENERATION. fOR FASTEST ENTRY OF RECORDS KEEP THE FOLLOWING SEQUENCE IN MIND WHEN ENTERING A FAMILY. 1. pLACE THE OLDEST PAIR OF PARENTS IN THE FAMILY YOU ARE ENTERING DURING A SESSION INTO THE F-TABLE FIRST. 2. cREATE A RECORD FOR ALL KNOWN OFFSPRING OF THOSE PARENTS STARTING WITH THE FIRST BORN, WHETHER OR NOT YOU INTEND TO REFER TO THOSE INDIVIDUALS AGAIN DURING THE SESSION. 3. pLACE IN THE F-TABLE ONLY THE OFFSPRING THAT YOU WISH TO REFER TO LATER IN THE SESSION. aT THE BEGINNING OF EACH edit PROCESS WHEN THERE ARE NAMES IN THE F-TABLE ALREADY, THE COMPUTER WILL ASK: "yOU MAY CREATE A new RECORD(PRESS "y") OR ALTER ONE FROM THE F-TABLE." wHEN THERE ARE NO NAMES IN THE F-TABLE (THERE WILL BE NONE IF THIS IS THE FIRST OCCASION TO USE edit), THE CURSOR WILL APPEAR IN THE nAME FIELD AND YOU MAY BEGIN ENTERING THE FIRST NAME. entering the name sTART, THEN, WITH YOUR PATERNAL GRANDPARENTS. eNTER THE NAME OF YOUR GRANDFATHER. sPELL HIS LAST NAME THE WAY YOU WILL SPELL IT CONSISTENTLY THROUGHOUT THE EDITING SESSION. sINCE THE PROGRAM RECOGNIZES UPPER- AND LOWER-CASE LETTERS, AS WELL AS PUNCTUATION, YOU HAVE A WIDE RANGE OF CHOICES. iF YOU ARE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE, THOUGH, OF THE PROGRAMS ABILITY TO STORE A NAME-STRING ONCE AND REUSE IT, YOU HAVE TO SPELL IT THE SAME WAY EACH TIME YOU ENTER IT, NOT "grandfather" ONE TIME AND "gRANDFATHER" THE NEXT. sPELLING THE NAME DIFFERENTLY WILL NOT AFFECT THE FUNCTION OF ANY PART OF THE PROGRAM, BUT IT WILL CONSUME MORE MEMORY THAN NECESSARY. eACH RECORD HAS ROOM FOR A NAME UP TO 60-CHARACTERS LONG, AND IT WILL ACCEPT A SEQUENCE OF AS MANY AS FIVE SEPARATE NAME-STRINGS FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL. a STRING OF LETTERS BOUNDED BY A SPACE ON EITHER SIDE CONSTITUTES A NAME; TITLES LIKE "sIR" OR "jR." OR "eSQ." ARE COUNTED AS SINGLE NAMES. (nOTE: dO NOT PLACE A COMMA BETWEEN A SURNAME AND A "jR." OR "sIR" THAT MIGHT FOLLOW IT. tHE PROGRAM WILL ALLOW YOU TO DO THIS, BUT IT WILL TREAT THE COMMA AS A PART OF THE NAME-STRING. iF YOU PLACE A COMMA AFTER A NAME WITH A SPACE FOLLOWING IT, THE NAME-STRING MAY BE STORED TWICE- ONCE WITH THE COMMA AND ONCE WITHOUT IT.) nO ONE NAME CAN BE LONGER THAN 16 LETTERS. iF YOU TRY TO ENTER MORE THAN 16 LETTERS FOR ONE NAME OR MORE THAN FIVE NAMES IN THE FIELD, THE COM- PUTER WILL NOTIFY YOU THAT YOU HAVE EXCEEDED THE LIMIT. 26 mANY GENEALOGISTS PREFER TO USE ALL CAPITAL LETTERS FOR A SURNAME. aLTHOUGH THE PRACTICE IS UP TO YOU, THIS MAY WASTE STORAGE SPACE IF THE NAME-STRING IS USED WITH BOTH UPPER- AND LOWER-CASE AS IN, FOR INSTANCE, A MIDDLE NAME. date of birth uSE THE tab KEY TO MOVE TO THE NEXT LINE AND THE SPACE MARKED "bORN". uSE A "0" IN THE FIRST PLACE OF THE YEAR FIELD FOR BIRTH DATES BEFORE 1000 a.d. uSE THE SPACE BAR TO BYPASS AN UNUSED NUMBER IN A SINGLE- DIGIT DATE. iF YOU KNOW THE ENTIRE BIRTH DATE, FILL IN THE BLANKS IN THE ORDER DESIGNATED- MONTH-DAY-YEAR. (tHE PROGRAM WILL COMPLETE THE ABBREVIATIONS OF SOME MONTHS FOR YOU AFTER YOU TYPE ONE OR MORE LETTERS. tHE MONTH fEBRUARY, FOR INSTANCE, IS THE ONLY MONTH THAT BEGINS WITH "f", AND ONCE YOU TYPE "f", THE COMPUTER WILL SUPPLY THE "EB".) iF YOU ONLY KNOW THE YEAR OR THE MONTH AND YEAR BUT NOT THE DAY OF BIRTH, YOU MAY ENTER THOSE COMBINATIONS. iF YOU DO NOT KNOW YOUR GRANDFATHER'S DATE OF BIRTH, YOU MAY SKIP THIS SPACE AND HIS NAME WILL BE INCLUDED IN THE FILE AND APPEAR IN OTHER ROUTINES OF THE PROGRAM WITH A DATE OF BIRTH DESIGNATED "UNKNOWN" OR "??". tHE CURSOR WILL AUTOMATICALLY MOVE TO THE SPACE MARKED "sURE?". rEGISTER SOME DOUBT IF THERE IS ANY BY PLACING AN "n" THERE. place of birth tHERE ARE TWO FIELDS TO THE RIGHT OF THE "wHERE" REQUEST. yOU MAY ENTER AS MANY LETTERS AS WILL FIT IN THE ALLOCATED SPACE- CITIES, COUNTIES, STATES, COUNTRIES. nOTE THAT THE RIGHT-HAND FIELD IS THE LONGER OF THE TWO. pLACE NAMES ARE DISPLAYED IN THEIR ENTIRETY IN THE trace ROUTINE AND ON THE PRINTED FAMILY GROUP SHEETS. bUT, SPACE PERMITS THE DISPLAY OF ONLY ONE FIELD ON THE PEDIGREE CHART; IF BOTH FIELDS ARE FILLED, THE RIGHT-HAND FIELD ONLY WILL BE PRINTED ON THE CHART. tO CONSERVE MEMORY SPACE, TRY TO USE ONLY THE RIGHT-HAND FIELD WHERE POSSIBLE. aBBREVIATE PLACE-NAMES AS YOU WISH. iF YOU WISH TO RECORD COUNTIES, YOU WILL PROBABLY WANT TO USE THE LEFT-HAND FIELD FOR THE CITY OR TOWN AND THE RIGHT-HAND FIELD FOR THE COUNTY, STATE, OR COUNTRY. tHIS WILL CAUSE THE ENTIRE PLACE- CITY, COUNTY, STATE AND COUNTRY- TO BE PRINTED OUT ON THE FAMILY GROUP SHEET, AND ONLY COUNTY AND STATE OR COUNTRY TO BE PRINTED ON THE PEDIGREE CHART. roots/m STORES PLACE-NAMES THE SAME WAY THAT IT DOES THE NAMES OF INDIVIDUALS. iF THE NAME OF A PLACE IS USED MORE THAN ONCE, THE PROGRAM STORES THE STRING ONLY ONCE AND REUSES IT IN ALL OTHER REFERENCES TO THAT PLACE. iT IS POSSIBLE TO ADD PLACE-NAMES, IN SOME CASES, AND NOT CONSUME MORE MEMORY SPACE. 27 sex sINCE THE DEFAULT IN THE FIELD MARKED "sEX" IS MALE, YOU NEED ONLY ENTER AN "f" FOR FEMALES. birthdates earlier than 1860 wHEN THE BIRTHDATE IS EARLIER THAN 1860, THE PROGRAM WILL ASSUME THE SUBJECT IS DEAD AND PLACE AN "n" AFTER THE QUESTION "sTILL lIVING?". iF THE SUBJECT WAS BORN AFTER 1860, OR NO BIRTHDATE IS ENTERED, THE DEFAULT IS "y". flag iF YOU WISH TO SPECIALLY DESIGNATE YOUR GRANDFATHER FOR ANY REASON, YOU MAY ATTACH A FLAG, OR ASTERISK, TO HIS NAME BY PLACING A "y" IN THE SPACE. date of death iF YOUR GRANDFATHER IS NO LONGER ALIVE, ENTER THE DATE OF HIS DEATH IN THE SAME MANNER AS YOU DID HIS BIRTHDATE. vERIFY OR REGISTER DOUBT ABOUT THE DATE BY TYPING "n". iF HE IS ALIVE, LEAVE THE SPACE FOR A DATE BLANK. pRESS THE tab KEY TO MOVE TO THE "sURE?" SPACE. iF YOU ARE SURE HE IS ALIVE, PRESS THE tab KEY TO DEFAULT, WHICH IS "y". place of death iF YOUR GRANDFATHER IS STILL LIVING- WITHOUT A PLACE OF DEATH -YOU MAY ENTER HIS PLACE OF RESIDENCE IN THE "wHERE" FIELD. finishing the record aT THIS POINT, WHEN THERE ARE NO NAMES IN THE F-TABLE, THE CURSOR WILL NOT MOVE DOWN TO THE LINES MARKED "fATHER" AND "mOTHER". pARENTS MUST BE ENTERED INTO THESE FIELDS FROM THE F-TABLE. wHEN THERE ARE NO NAMES IN THE F-TABLE, YOU CAN PROCEED NO FUTHER WITH THE RECORD. yOUR GRANDFATHER'S RECORD, THEREFORE, IS FILLED OUT AS COMPLETELY AS POSSIBLE THUSFAR. tO COMPLETE THE RECORD, RETURN THE CURSOR TO THE BEGINNING OF THE nAME LINE USING THE home KEY. cHECK TO MAKE SURE YOU HAVE ENTERED ALL THE INFORMATION THAT YOU CAN, THEN PRESS return. tHE COMPUTER WILL STATE: "yOU MAY NOW PLACE THIS NEW RECORD IN THE F-TABLE (OR PRESS "n")." sINCE YOU ARE WORKING FROM THE EARLIEST TO LATEST GENERATION IN THE PEDIGREE, YOU WILL WANT TO PLACE YOUR PATERNAL GRANDFATHER INTO THE F-TABLE SO HE CAN BE USED IN THE sPOUSE FIELD OF HIS WIFE AND THE fATHER FIELD OF HIS SON, YOUR FATHER. tHE NUMERIC F-TABLE DESIGNATIONS ON THE SCREEN WILL BE ACTIVE FOR THE FIRST TIME. cHOOSE ONE OF THE 28 CORRESPONDING KEYS AND PRESS IT. yOU WILL NORMALLY PRESS THE "n" KEY WHEN YOU DO NOT PLAN TO REFER AGAIN TO AN INDIVIDUAL DURING THE EDITING SESSION. iF YOU DID NOT WANT TO PLACE THE RECORD IN THE F-TABLE, YOU COULD HAVE PRESSED THE "n" KEY. tHE COMPUTER WOULD HAVE SAVED THE RECORD IN ram WITHOUT PLACING IT IN THE F-TABLE. wHETHER YOU PLACED YOUR GRANDFATHER'S NAME IN THE F-TABLE OR CHOSE NOT TO, THE COMPUTER WILL ASK: "dO YOU WANT TO UPDATE THE DISK?" aNSWERING BY PRESSING THE "y" KEY WILL WRITE THE CONTENTS OF THE EDITING SESSION ONTO THE DISK, AND RETURN YOU TO THE menu. nORMALLY, YOU WANT TO UPDATE THE DISK AT THE END OF AN EDITING SESSION. hERE, THERE ARE MORE NAMES TO ENTER, SO YOU SHOULD PRESS THE "n" KEY. entering the second record oNCE YOU HAVE DECIDED NOT TO UPDATE THE DISK, THE COMPUTER WILL ASK: "yOU MAY WISH TO CREATE A new RECORD (PRESS "y") OR ALTER ONE FROM THE TABLE." tO CONTINUE ENTERING RECORDS, PRESS "y" KEY. (yOU COULD ALSO PULL A NAME UP FROM THE F-TABLE TO ALTER INFORMATION IN THE RECORD BY PRESSING THE APPROPRIATE NUMERIC KEY.) eNTER THE NAME OF YOUR PATERNAL GRANDMOTHER IN THE SAME WAY YOU DID YOUR GRANDFATHER. the parents fields aFTER COMPLETING THE PLACE OF DEATH OR RESIDENT FIELD, THE CURSOR WILL MOVE DOWN TO THE PARENTS FIELD NOW BECAUSE THE F-TABLE IS NOT EMPTY. tHE COMPUTER WILL STATE: "yOU MAY NOW (RE)SELECT PARENTS FROM THE F-TABLE (pRESS "n" TO DELETE)." tHE NAMES OF PARENTS AND SPOUSES MUST BE ENTERED FROM THE F-TABLE. tHERE ARE TWO SPACES IN THE pARENTS FIELD, ONE FOR A SUBJECT'S MOTHER AND ONE FOR THAT PERSON'S FATHER. roots/m AUTOMATICALLY RECOGNIZES THE SEX OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE F-TABLE; WHEN YOU PRESS A NUMERIC KEY TO PLACE ONE OF THE TWO PARENTS INTO THE pARENTS FIELD, roots/m WILL AUTOMATICALLY PUT THE MALE PARENT IN THE SPACE FOR fATHER AND FEMALE PARENT IN THE PLACE FOR mOTHER. yOU DO NOT HAVE TO USE THE CURSOR TO MOVE FROM ONE SPACE TO THE NEXT. iN FACT, THE CURSOR WILL NOT MOVE BETWEEN THE SPACES IN THE pARENTS FIELD. yOU ENTER THE CONTENTS OF THE FIELDS USING THE NUMERIC KEYS THAT CORRESPOND TO LINES IN THE F-TABLE. iF YOU ARE MOD- IFYING A RECORD AND WANT TO CHANGE THE IDENTITIES OF ONE OR BOTH OF THE PARENTS, JUST PRESS THE APPROPRIATE NUMERIC KEY TO ENTER THE CORRECT PARENTS. iF YOU ENTER A PARENT RECORD ACCIDENTALLY, AND THE IDENTITIES OF THE PARENTS ARE UNKNOWN, USE THE "n" KEY TO REMOVE BOTH PARENTS FROM THE CURRENT RECORD. 29 sINCE YOUR GRANDMOTHER'S PARENTS ARE NOT IN THE F-TABLE, USE THE CURSOR TO MOVE TO THE MARRIAGE FIELD. the spouse field wHEN ENTERING MARRIAGE RECORDS, IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU DO NOT ENTER A DATE OF MARRIAGE WITHOUT A SPOUSE IF YOU INTEND TO CREATE A NEW RECORD FOR THAT SPOUSE LATER. wHEN BOTH PARTNERS OF A MARRIAGE ARE KNOWN, ENTER THE MARRIAGE DATE ONLY AFTER DEFINING THE SECOND PARTNER. iN OTHER WORDS, ENTER A DATE OF MARRIAGE ONLY WHEN YOU CAN PLACE THE SPOUSE IN THE sPOUSE FIELD BY PRESSING A NUMERIC KEY, MOVING HIM OR HER UP FROM THE F-TABLE. yOU MUST BE SOMEWHAT CAREFUL WHEN YOU ENTER MARRIAGE RECORDS, BECAUSE YOU CAN INDICATE THE EXISTENCE OF A MARRIAGE IN MORE THAN ONE WAY: roots/m CONSIDERS THE ENTRY OF A MARRIAGE DATE AS CONFIRMATION THAT A MARRIAGE HAS OCCURED; IT ALSO CONSIDERS THE ENTRY OF A SPOUSE'S NAME AS CONFIRMATION THAT A MARRIAGE HAS OCCURED. fOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU WERE TO CREATE A RECORD FOR YOUR FATHER AND IN THE MARRIAGE FIELD, SUPPLY ONLY A DATE OF MARRIAGE -NOT THE NAME OF YOUR MOTHER- roots/m WILL CONFIRM THAT A MARRIAGE HAS OCCURED ON THAT DATE. aFTER PLACING YOUR FATHER'S RECORD IN THE F-TABLE, SUPPOSE YOU CONTINUE TO CREATE A RECORD FOR YOUR MOTHER. wHEN YOU REACH HER MARRIAGE FIELD, YOU MAY ENTER YOUR FATHER FROM THE F-TABLE AND ALSO SUPPLY THE DATE. tHIS ESTABLISHES THAT YOUR MOTHER WAS MARRIED TO YOUR FATHER, AND IT LINKS THE TWO BY MARRIAGE FOR USE IN OTHER roots/m ROUTINES. tHE REFER- ENCE TO YOUR FATHER IN YOUR MOTHER'S MARRIAGE FIELD, THOUGH, CAUSES roots/m TO CONSIDER THAT AS YOUR FATHERS SECOND MARRIAGE; HIS FIRST MARRIAGE WAS ESTABLISHED WHEN YOU ENTERED ONLY A DATE. tHE PROGRAM DOES NOT COMPARE THE TWO DATES OF MARRIAGE TO SEE IF THEY ARE THE SAME, AND THEREFORE, CANNOT KNOW THAT ONLY ONE MARRIAGE OCCURRED. yOU CAN AVOID AMBIGUITIES BY BEING SURE THAT YOU NEVER ENTER A MARRAGE DATE BY ITSELF. yOU CAN ENTER A SPOUSE WITHOUT A DATE OF MARRIAGE AND REGISTER DOUBT ABOUT THE DATE BY PLACING AN "n" IN RESPONSE TO THE "sURE?" QUESTION. mARRIAGE FILES ARE OPTIONAL AND SHOULD ONLY BE USED WHEN YOU WISH TO RECORD EITHER THE NAME OF THE SPOUSE OR THAT THE MARRIAGE ACTUALLY TOOK PLACE. tHEY ARE NOT NEEDED TO VERIFY THAT A SPOUSE EXISTED TO CONSTRUCT A FAMILY TREE. iF, BY ACCIDENT, YOU DO CREATE AN EXTRA MARRIAGE FOR AN INDIVIDUAL BY ENTERING A MARRIAGE DATE WITHOUT A SPOUSE, YOU CAN DELETE THE CONTENTS IN THE SPOUSE FIELDS FOR THAT INDIVIDUAL AND START ALL OVER AGAIN ON THAT PART OF THE RECORD. eNTER THE DATE THIS TIME ONLY WHEN YOU CAN ENTER THE NAME OF THE SPOUSE FROM THE F-TABLE. mAKE SURE THAT ALL OFF- SPRING OF THE MARRIAGE SHOW BOTH PARENTS IN THE PARENTS FIELD. uPDATE THE DISK, AND THE BASEFILE WILL BE CORRECTED TO REFLECT THE CHANGES. date and place of marriage sINCE YOUR GRANDFATHER APPEARS IN THE F-TABLE, PROCEED TO ENTER YOUR PATERNAL GRANDPARENTS' DATE OF MARRIAGE. rEGISTER DOUBT IF YOU HAVE ANY. rECORD THE PLACE OF THEIR MARRIAGE. 30 tHEN, WITH THE CURSOR IN THE sPOUSE FIELD, THE COMPUTER WILL STATE: "yOU MAY NOW (RE)SELECT SPOUSE FROM THE F-TABLE (PRESS "n" TO DELETE)." pRESS THE NUMERIC KEY THAT CORRESPONDS TO THE LINE IN THE F-TABLE THAT CONTAINS YOUR GRANDFATHER'S NAME. tHE CURSOR WILL MOVE TO THE NEXT LINE TO ALLOW YOU TO ENTER THE NAME OF OTHER SPOUSES. yOU MAY ENTER AS MANY AS FOUR MARRIAGES. aFTER YOU HAVE COMPLETED THE MARRIAGE RECORD, PRESS THE home KEY, RETURNING YOU TO THE nAME FIELD. pRESS return. pLACE YOUR PATERNAL GRANDMOTHER IN THE F-TABLE WITH HER HUSBAND, SINCE THEY WILL BOTH BE NEEDED AS PARENTS FOR YOUR FATHER. finishing the generation wHEN THE COMPUTER ASKS IF YOU WISH TO CREATE A NEW RECORD, PRESS "y" AND CONTINUE. pROCEED TO ENTER YOUR MATERNAL GRANDPARENTS IN THE SAME FASHION AS YOU DID YOUR PATERNAL, AND PLACE THEM IN THE F-TABLE. iN THE F-TABLE SHOULD APPEAR THE NAMES OF YOUR FOUR GRANDPARENTS. the next generation mOVE TO THE NEXT GENERATION, THAT OF YOUR PARENTS. cOMPLETE THE TOP HALF OF YOUR FATHER'S RECORD, WHICH SHOULD BRING THE CURSOR INTO THE pARENTS FIELD. eNTER YOUR PATERNAL GRANDPARENTS FROM THE F-TABLE USING THE NUMERIC KEYS. pLACE YOUR FATHER IN THE F-TABLE WHEN HIS PARENTS HAVE BEEN ENTERED. cREATE A NEW RECORD FOR YOUR MOTHER. eNTER HER PARENTS, YOUR MATERNAL GRANDPARENTS, FROM THE F-TABLE. eNTER A MARRIAGE DATE AND PLACE AND THEN YOUR FATHER'S NAME FROM THE F-TABLE. wHEN HER RECORD IS COMPLETE, PLACE HER IN THE F-TABLE, REPLACING ONE OF THE NAMES THAT APPEARS, OR PRESS "s" AND ENTER HER NAME ON A BLANK LINE OF THE TABLE. entering the third generation fINALLY, THE EDITING SESSION REACHES YOU. bOTH OF YOUR PARENTS ARE IN THE F-TABLE, AND IT SHOULD BE CLEAR BY NOW HOW TO FILL IN YOUR RECORD. tHE ONLY DATA LACKING ON THE PEDIGREE CHART IS THE NAME OF YOUR SPOUSE IF YOU HAVE ONE. entering all children in a family oNCE YOUR RECORD IS COMPLETE, YOU MIGHT WANT TO CREATE RECORDS FOR ALL YOUR BOTHERS AND SISTERS IF YOU HAVE THEM. iN FACT, IT IS A GOOD IDEA TO ENTER SIBLINGS OF AN INDIVIDUAL WHO IS PART OF YOUR FAMILY TREE, EVEN THOUGH THOSE SIBLINGS ARE NOT YOUR DIRECT ANCESTORS. eNTER THEM AT THE SAME TIME ALONG WITH YOUR ANCESTORS; THEIR PARENTS WILL ALREADY BE IN THE F-TABLE. yOU WILL NOT WANT TO PUT ALL SIBLINGS INTO THE F- TABLE UNLESS YOU PLAN TO FOLLOW-UP WITH THEIR CHILDREN LATER ON IN THE 31 EDITING SESSION. entering siblings in order, oldest to youngest wHEN ADDING CHILDREN FROM A FAMILY GROUP SHEET, FOR INSTANCE, THE BEST WAY TO ENTER THEM IS IN ORDER OF BIRTH, FROM THE OLDEST TO YOUNGEST. wHEN THE BIRTHDATES OF ALL THE OFFSPRING ARE KNOWN, THE COMPUTER WILL KEEP TRACK OF THEM IN ORDER OF OLDEST TO YOUNGEST. wHEN NONE OF THE BIRTHDATES ARE KNOWN, THE COMPUTER WILL LIST THEM IN OTHER roots/m ROUTINES IN THE ORDER THAT THEY ARE ENTERED DURING THE EDITING SESSION. sO, IF YOU KNOW THE ORDER OF BIRTH OF CHILDREN IN A FAMILY, BUT NOT THE BIRTHDATES, ENTER THEM OLDEST TO YOUNGEST. ending the editing session wHEN ALL THE MEMBER OF THE THREE-GENERATION PEDIGREE CHART HAVE BEEN ENTERED, YOU ARE READY TO PLACE THEM ONTO THE DISK. aFTER ENTERING THE LAST INDIVIDUAL INTO EITHER THE F-TABLE OR ram, THE COMPUTER ASKS: " dO YOU WANT TO UPDATE THE DISK? " aNSWERING "n" TO THIS QUESTION, AS YOU HAVE DISCOVERED, ALLOWS YOU TO REMAIN IN THE edit ROUTINE. a "y" ANSWER WILL WRITE THE CONTENTS OF THE EDITING SESSION ONTO THE DISK AND RETURN YOU TO THE menu. iF YOU WISH TO LEAVE edit WITHOUT UPDATING THE DISK, YOU MAY ALWAYS PRESS THE menu KEY. iF, PERHAPS, YOU MAKE A SERIES OF MISTAKES AND WANT TO ELIMINATE THE ENTIRE SESSION, YOU MAY DO SO AT ANY TIME WITH THE menu KEY. oNCE THAT KEY IS PRESSED, THE COMPUTER WILL ASK FOR VERIFICATION WITH: " aRE YOU SURE? " aN "n" ANSWER WILL RETURN YOU TO edit. a "y" WILL INSTRUCT THE COMPUTER TO DELETE THE CONTENTS OF THE SESSION. aPPEARING THEN WILL BE THE MESSAGE: " eDIT CANCELLED. basefile.bin RELOADED. " tHIS MESSAGE CONFIRMS THAT THE ORIGINAL basefile.bin CONTENTS HAVE BEEN RESTORED IN THE COMPUTER'S ram. nOTHING HAS AFFECTED THE FILE STORED ON THE DISK. iF YOU ABANDON AN EDITING SESSION THIS WAY, THE COMPUTER WILL ERASE ALL TEN F-TABLE LINES IF YOU CREATED ANY NEW RECORDS WHILE IN THE edit ROUTINE. aNYTIME THE COMPUTER PROMPTS WITH " aRE YOU SURE? " AND YOU ARE NOT SURE, PRESS "n", AND YOU WILL HAVE ANOTHER CHANCE TO DECIDE. pRESSING THE menu KEY AND THEN THE "n" KEY IN RESPONSE TO THE "sURE?" QUESTION CAN BE USED TO CANCEL THE EDIT OF THE CURRENT RECORD IN THE FIELD. tHIS RETURNS YOU TO THE QUESTION: "yOU MAY WISH TO CREATE A new RECORD (PRESS "y") OR ALTER ONE FROM THE F-TABLE." yOU CAN USE THIS TECHNIQUE TO VIEW THE CONTENTS OF A SINGLE RECORD WITHOUT MAKING ANY CHANGES. aFTER REVIEWING THE CONTENTS OF VARIOUS 32 RECORDS YOU MAY PRESS THE menu KEY AND THEN THE "y" KEY TO RETURN TO THE menu WITH THE F-TABLE LEFT INTACT. making changes modifying records yOU MAY MODIFY THE CONTENTS OF ANY RECORD BY DELETING INCORRECT INFOR- MATION AND RE-ENTERING CORRECT INFORMATION. aN INDIVIDUAL WHOSE RECORD YOU WISH TO MODIFY SHOULD APPEAR IN THE F-TABLE. wHEN THE COMPUTER ASKS IF YOU WISH TO CREATE A NEW RECORD OR ALTER AN OLD ONE, PRESS THE NUMERIC KEY THAT CORRESPONDS TO THE INDIVIDUAL WHOSE RECORD YOU WISH TO MODIFY. mAKE THE CHANGES AND UPDATE THE DISK WHEN ASKED IF YOU WISH TO STORE THE NEW INFORMATION ON THE DISK. deleting records oNCE YOU ENTER A RECORD INTO THE FILE, THAT RECORD OCCUPIES A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF SPACE FOR THE LIFE OF THE FILE. iN OTHER WORDS, ONCE A RECORD HAS BEEN CREATED, IT CANNOT BE COMPLETELY DESTROYED WITHOUT ELIMINATING THE ENTIRE FILE. eVEN IF YOU ELIMINATE THE CONTENTS OF A RECORD USING THE delete KEY, THERE WILL ALWAYS BE A TRACE OF THAT RECORD OCCUPYING SPACE IN THE FILE. yOU CAN RECLAIM UNWANTED RECORDS BY CALLING THEM FROM THE F-TABLE AND CHANGING ALL THE DATA TO THAT OF A NEW INDIVIDUAL. oNCE YOU HAVE CHANGED ALL THE DATA IN THE RECORD FIELD, roots/m WILL TREAT THAT RECORD AS IF IT WERE BRAND NEW. list list LETS YOU LOOK AT ALL THE NAMES CONTAINED IN THE BASEFILE. iT IS A GOOD ROUTINE TO SELECT FIRST (ASSUMING YOU HAVE A BASEFILE) AS A WAY OF BRINGING INTO THE F-TABLE THE NAMES OF INDIVIDUALS WHO YOU WILL WANT TO USE IN OTHER ROUTINES. oNCE A LISTING APPEARS ON THE SCREEN, YOU MAY PLACE ANY NAME IN THE BASEFILE INTO THE F-TABLE USING THE CURSOR AND NUMERIC KEYS. choosing a name list CALLS UP THE ENTIRE FILE OR ANY PORTION OF IT WHEN YOU SUPPLY AN IDENTIFYING NAME-STRING. tHE COMPUTER WILL SEARCH EVERY RECORD FOR THAT NAME-STRING AND THEN LIST THOSE FOUND. tHE SMALLEST NAME-STRING ENTERED IS ELIGIBLE AS A REFERENCE -MIDDLE INITIALS, TITLES LIKE "sIR". aS LONG AS EACH IDENTIFYING NAME-STRING HAS BEEN ENTERED SEPARATELY DURING THE EDITING PROCESS, IT CAN BE USED TO SINGLE-OUT AN INDIVIDUAL IN THE BASEFILE. 33 getting a complete listing of the basefile iF YOU WISH TO SEE A COMPLETE LISTING OF THE FILE, LEAVE THE NAME-STRING BLANK AND PRESS return. iF YOU CALL UP A LARGE LISTING AND ALL THE NAMES WILL NOT FIT ON THE SCREEN, PRESS " f " TO VIEW SUBSEQUENT PAGES OF LISTINGS. wHILE VIEWING A LISTING, PRESS THE menu KEY ONCE WHICH WILL RETURN YOU TO THE FIRST PAGE OF THE list ROUTINE WHERE YOU CAN TYPE ANOTHER NAME ON THE LINE. pRESSING THIS KEY TWICE WILL RETURN YOU TO THE MAIN menu. family tHE family ROUTINE ALLOWS YOU TO LOOK AT ANY INDIVIDUAL IN THE FILE, HIS OR HER SPOUSES AND THE OFFSPRING OF EACH MARRIAGE. uSING THE forward AND reverse KEYS IT IS POSSIBLE TO MOVE FORWARD AND BACKWARD FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION, STAYING WITH A SINGLE FAMILY LINE. aT ANY POINT DURING THE RUNNING OF THE ROUTINE, YOU MAY ENTER AN INDIVIDUAL THAT APPEARS ON THE SCREEN INTO THE F-TABLE USING THE NUMERIC KEYS. selecting a family bEFORE YOU SELECT family FROM THE menu, THERE MUST BE AT LEAST ONE NAME IN THE F-TABLE, SINCE THE ROUTINE DRAWS ITS SUBJECTS FROM THAT AREA. oNCE YOU HAVE SELECTED THE family ROUTINE FROM THE menu, PRESS THE NUMERIC KEY CORRESPONDING TO THE INDIVIDUAL WHOSE FAMILY YOU WISH TO SEE. tHAT INDIVIDUAL WILL APPEAR AT THE TOP OF THE SCREEN; HIS OR HER SPOUSE WILL APPEAR ON THE LINE BELOW. tHEIR CHILDREN WILL APPEAR ON THE LINES FOLLOWING. family DISPLAYS DATES OF BIRTH AND AGES OF LIVING MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY, THE DATES OF DEATH AND THE DATE OF THE MARRIAGE BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AT THE TOP OF THE LIST AND HIS OR HER SPOUSE. aT THE LEFT-HAND SIDE OF THE PAGE ARE SYMBOLS WHICH DESCRIBE THE FAMILIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NAMES THAT APPEAR. oNE SYMBOL IDENTIFIES THE SUBJECT OF THE DISPLAY, ANOTHER THE SPOUSE OF THE SUBJECT, AND THEN NEXT TO THE OFFSPRING ARE DESIGNATIONS WHICH IDENTIFY THE CHILDREN WHO WENT ON TO HAVE CHILDREN OF THEIR OWN, THOSE WHO HAVE NO ISSUE IN THE BASEFILE AND THOSE WITH- OUT ISSUE BUT WITH MARRIAGE RECORDS IN THE FILE. a DIRECTORY ON THE family MENU IDENTIFIES EACH OF THE SYMBOLS. moving from generation to generation uSING THE forward AND reverse KEYS, YOU CAN VIEW THE COMPOSITION OF FAMILIES IN EITHER PREVIOUS OR LATER GENERATIONS. tO DO SO, PLACE THE CURSOR NEXT TO THE NAME OF THE INDIVIDUAL WHOSE FAMILY YOU WOULD LIKE TO SEE ON THE SCREEN, AND PRESS EITHER THE "f" OR "r" KEY. pLACING THE CURSOR ON THE NAME OF A SPOUSE ON THE LIST AND PRESSING THE "f" KEY WILL DISPLAY THE COMPOSITION OF HIS OR HER FAMILY WITH HIM OR HER AT THE TOP. iF HE OR SHE HAS HAD OTHER MARRIAGES, ALL SPOUSES AND ALL CHILDREN WILL APPEAR ON THE SCREEN. 34 pLACING THE CURSOR ON EITHER THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY OR THE SPOUSE AND PRESSING THE "r" KEY WILL DISPLAY THE COMPOSITION OF THE FAMILY IN WHICH THEY WERE CHILDREN. pLACING THE CURSOR ON THE LINE OF A CHILD AND PRESSING THE "f" KEY WILL RESULT IN A DISPLAY OF THAT INDIVIDUAL AS THE HEAD OF HIS OR HER FAMILY, SHOWING ANY SPOUSES AND OFFSPRING. pRESS THE "r" KEY(WITHOUT MOVING THE CURSOR), AND YOU WILL RETURN TO THE PREVIOUS DISPLAY. order in which children will appear iN CASES WHERE THE BIRTHDATES OF THE CHILDREN ARE UNAVAILABLE, OFFSPRING APPEAR ON THE LIST IN THE ORDER THAT THEY WERE ENTERED IN THE EDITING PROCESS. wHEN ALL THE CHILDREN ARE ENTERED WITH BIRTHDATES, THEY ARE LISTED IN ORDER OF OLDEST TO YOUNGEST IRRESPECTIVE OF THE WAY THEY WERE ENTERED INTO THE FILE. iN CASES WHERE SOME OF THE CHILDREN WERE LISTED WITH A BIRTHDATE AND SOME WITHOUT, THE PROGRAM FIRST LISTS THE CHILDREN WITHOUT DATES IN THE ORDER THY WERE ENTERED AND THEN LISTS THE REMAINING CHILDREN WITH DATES IN THE ORDER OF OLDEST TO YOUNGEST. maximum size of family tHERE IS ROOM ON THE SCREEN TO LIST A FAMILY WITH 23 MEMBERS. iN FAMILIES LARGER THAN 18, THE F-TABLE WILL DISAPPEAR FROM THE SCREEN TO MAKE ROOM FOR A LONGER LIST. iF THE F-TABLE HAS DISAPPEARED FROM THE SCREEN TO MAKE ROOM FOR A LONG LIST, YOU MAY STILL PLACE ANY INDIVIDUAL INTO IT BY PRESSING A NUMERIC KEY. dOING SO WIL CAUSE THE F-TABLE TO RETURN WITH THE INDIVIDUAL SELECTED DISPLAYED WITHIN IT. sHOULD YOU THEN WISH TO SEE THE ENTIRE FAMILY LIST AGAIN, MOVE THE CURSOR TO THE TOP OF THE LIST AND PRESS THE "f" KEY. pRESS THE menu KEY ONCE TO SELECT ANOTHER SUBJECT AS FAMILY HEAD AND TWICE TO RETURN TO menu. (nOTE THAT THE "FAMILY HEAD" MAY BE EITHR MALE OR FEMALE- YOU CAM VIEW A VERY LARGE FAMILY WITH SEVERAL SPOUSES BY LISTING SPOUSES INDIVIDUALLY). trace tHIS ROUTINE DISPLAYS THE PEDIGREE CHART OF A SELECTED INDIVIDUAL. oNCE THE CHART APPEARS ON THE SCREEN, YOU MAY USE THE CURSOR TO MOVE ABOUT ON IT AND PLACE ANY NAME THAT APPEARS INTO THE F-TABLE. sellecting an individual yOU WILL NEED AT LEAST ONE NAME IN THE F-TABLE TO ENTER THE trace ROUTINE. oNCE THE FIRST PAGE APPEARS ON THE SCREEN, YOU MAY SELECT THE INDIVIDUAL WHO YOU WISH TO APPEAR AT THE TOP OF THE CHART FROM THE F-TABLE USING A NUMERIC KEY. fOR BEST RESULTS, SELECT A RELATIVELY RECENT INDIVIDUAL, AS trace CAN EXTEND ITSELF TO EARLIER BUT NOT LATER GENERATIONS. tHAT INDIVIDUAL WILL APPEAR AT THE TOP. bENEATH THE CHART IN A BOX APPEAR THAT PERSON'S VITAL STATISTICS. tHERE IS NO MARRIAGE DATE INCLUDED FOR THE PERSON ON THE TOP OF THE CHART, SINCE THE SPOUSE IS NOT PART OF THE PEDIGREE. 35 moving about on the chart yOU MAY MOVE THE CURSOR TO ANY POINT ON THE PEDIGREE USING THREE CURSOR CONTROL KEYS CORRESPONDING TO LEFT, RIGHT, AND UP. wHEN THE CURSOR LANDS ON ONE OF THE ANCESTORS, THE NAME OF THAT ANCESTOR ALONG WITH ACCOMPANY- ING DATA WILL APPEAR BENEATH THE CHART AND THE COMPUTER WILL ASK: "dO YOU WISH TO DISPLAY ON HIM/HER? (IF SO, PRESS "y")" aN AFFIRMATIVE ANSWER WILL RECREATE THE CHART WITH THAT INDIVIDUAL AT THE TOP. aNY ONE DISPLAY CAN ONLY ACCOUT FOR SIX GENERATIONS. cHOOSING TO DISPLAY THE PEDIGREE OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN THE EARLEST GENERATION IS THE SAME AS VIEWING A MORE DISTANT PORTION OF THE ORIGINAL SUBJECT'S PEDIGREE. nOTICE THAT THE NUMBERS WHICH APPEAR AT THE EDGE OF THE SCREEN INDICATING GENERATIONS AWAY FROM THE ORIGINAL SUBJECT OF THE DISPLAY HAVE CHANGED WHEN YOU PLACE A NEW NAME AT THE TOP. tHE NUMBERS STILL REFER TO THE NUMBER OF GENERATIONS AWAY FROM THE ORIGINAL SUBJECT. yOU MAY ALWAYS RETURN TO THE ORIGINAL SUBJECT OF THE PEDIGREE BY PRESS- ING THE home KEY TWICE. pRESSING THE home KEY ONCE WILL SEND THE CURSOR TO THE TOP OF THE CHART. wHEN AN INDIVIDUAL ALREADY IN THE F-TABLE SHOWS UP IN THE PEDIGREE, THE NUMBER OF THE CORRESPONDING F-TABLE LINE WILL APPEAR IN THE SPACE REPRESENTING THAT ANCESTOR. tHE F-TABLE NUMBER WILL SUPERSEDE THE ASTERISK FLAG WHICH WILL OTHERWISE APPEAR IN THE APPROPRIATE PLACE. aT ANY TIME YOU MAY PLACE A NAME FROM THE CHART INTO THE F-TABLE. tO RESELECT A SUBJECT FOR THE DISPLAY, PRESS THE menu KEY ONCE AND THEN AGAIN IF YOU WISH TO RETURN TO THE MAIN menu. print pRINT GENERATES STANDARD PEDIGREE CHARTS AND FAMILY GROUP SHEETS TO AID YOU IN YOUR RESEARCH. yOU MAY WANT TO SEND THESE ALONG WITH REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION FROM RELATIVES OR ARCHIVISTS. tHE ARE ALSO A GOOD WAY TO BRING PART OF THE COMPUTER'S BASEFILE ALONG WITH YOU ON RESEARCH TRIPS. accommodating your printer tHE FIRST TIME YOU USE print, YOU SHOULD MAKE SURE THAT THE ROUTINE IS SET TO OPERATE WITH YOUR PRINTER. yOU SHOULD ONLY HAVE TO SET THE PRINTER ATTRIBUTES ONCE AS LONG AS YOU DO NOT CHANGE PRINTERS. pLACE THE CURSOR ON THE LINE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE SCREEN THAT ALLOWS YOU TO SET PRINTER OPTIONS AND PRESS THE "y" KEY. tHE PROGRAM ALLOWS YOU TO SPECIFY PRINTER TYPE, VERTICAL LINE CHARACTERS, PAGE LENGTH AND PEDIGREE CHART PAGE WIDTH. uSE THE UP/DOWN CURSOR CONTROL KEYS TO MOVE THE CURSOR NEXT TO THE PRINTER PARAMETERS YOU WISH TO SPEC- IFY AND PRESS THE "y" KEY TO ENTER THEM IN THE PROGRAM. pRESS THE menu KEY TO RETURN TO THE FIRST PAGE OF print AND PLACE THE PRINTER ATTRIBUTES ONTO THE DISK. pRESS "n" TO RETURN TO THE roots/m menu WITHOUT PLACING THE PRINTER FUNCTIONS ONTO THE DISK. 36 selecting a format tO PRODUCE BOTH THE PEDIGREE CHART AND THE FAMILY GROUP SHEET YOU NEED TO HAVE THE INDIVIDUAL WHOSE PEDIGREE OF FAMILY YOU WISH TO SEE IN THE F-TABLE. yOU MAY ALSO PRODUCE BLANK SHEETS BY ANSWERING "y" IN RESPONSE TO THE print REQUEST. tO PRINT A PEDIGREE CHART, MOVE THE CURSOR TO THE PEDIGREE DESIGNATION ON THE print MENU AND PRESS EITHER THE APPROPRIATE NUMERIC KEY OR "y" KEY. iF YOU HAVE OPTED FOR A 132-COLUMN PRINTOUT, EACH SHEET HOLDS FIVE GENERATIONS(31 INDIVIDUALS). iF YOUR PRINTER IS LIMITED TO 72 OR 80 COLUMNS, OR IF YOU DO NOT WISH TO USE WIDE PAPER, THE 72-COLUMN FORMAT HOLDS FOUR GENERATIONS (15 INDIVIDUALS) ON EACH SHEET. iN EITHER CASE, THE COMPUTER WILL CONTINUE THE PEDIGREE PRINTOUT ON AS MANY SHEETS AS ARE REQUIRED TO INCLUDE ALL ANCESTORS IN THE BASEFILE, UP TO 255 SHEETS. iF YOU WISH TO PRINT ONLY A PORTION OR A PEDIGREE, PRESSING THE menu KEY WHILE THE PRINTER IS RUNNING WILL STOP THE PRINTOUT AT THE END OF THE PAGE THAT IS PRINTING. wHERE AN INDIVIDUAL HAS MANY SPOUSES, ONLY THE SPOUSE WHO IS AN ACTUAL ANCESTOR IS INCLUDED. oN THE PRINTOUT OF THE PEDIGREE, THE MAIN SUBJECT OR THE INDIVIDUAL ON LINE ONE , HAS A SPACE DESIGNATED FOR A SPOUSE. eVEN IF THERE IS A RECORD IN THE BASEFILE FOR A SPOUSE, THAT SPOUSE'S NAME WILL NOT APPEAR THERE. iN CASES WHERE A SUBJECT HAS HAD MORE THAN ONE SPOUSE, THE PROGRAM WILL NOT DISTINGUISH BETWEEN SPOUSES AND PLACE ONE THERE AND NOT OTHERS. sINCE THE SPOUSE OF THE MAIN SUBJECT IS NOT PART OF THE PEDIGREE, LEAVING THE SPACE BLANK DOES NOT AFFECT THE COMPOSITION OF THE PEDIGREE. yOU MAY SPECIFY A SPOUSE IF YOU WISH, BY WRITING IN A NAME. tHE FAMILY GROUP SHEET IS SELECTED THE SAME WAY AS THE PEDIGREE CHARTS, EXCEPT THAT A 72-COLUMN FORMAT IS USED IN ALL CASES. yOU MAY SPECIFY EITHER A MAN OR A WOMAN AS THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY, BUT THE HUSBAND WILL ALWAYS APPEAR AT THE TOP OF THE FORM. wHEN THE INDIVIDUAL YOU SELECT HAS HAD MORE THAN ONE SPOUSE, roots/m WILL PRINT A SEPERATE FAMILY GROUP SHEET FOR EACH SPOUSE. aLL SPOUSES, HOWEVER, WILL BE LISTED ON EACH FORM. oNE OTHER NOTE. tHE PRINT FORMATS USE ALMOST ALL AVAILABLE LINES ON EACH FORM. iF YOU ARE USING A PRINTER WITH FAN FOLD PAPER, BE SURE TO ADJUST THE PAPER SO THAT THE FIRST LINE IS AS CLOSE TO THE TOP OF EACH SHEET AS POSSIBLE. iF YOU ARE USING ROLL PAPER, roots/m WILL MEASURE EACH FORM LENGTH CORRECTLY, SO YOU CAN CUT THE RESULTING PAGES TO STANDARD, 11-INCH LENGTH. yOU WILL ALSO BE ABLE TO USE A THREE HOLE PUNCH ON THE PAGES WITHOUT WORRYING ABOUT LOSING ANY TEXT. relationship tHIS ROUTINE DETERMINES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANY TWO INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE LOCATED IN THE F-TABLE. yOU WILL NEED TO HAVE AT LEAST TWO NAME IN THE F-TABLE TO USE relationship. choosing two individuals sELECT TWO NAMES FROM THE F-TABLE BY PRESSING THE APPROPRIATE NUMERIC KEYS, AND THE COMPUTER WILL LIST THEIR RELATIONSHIP AS LONG AS IT IS 37 WITHIN EIGHT GENERATIONS. tHE ROUTINE KEEPS TRACK OF BLOOD RELATIONSHIPS AND NOT THOSE BY MARRIAGE. tHE ROUTINE WILL ALSO LIST THE COMMON ANCESTORS OF THE TWO INDIVIDUALS SELECTED. cONSULT THE FIGURE HERE THAT ILLUSTRATES HOW DEGREE, A LEGAL TERM USED TO DESCRIBE CONSANGUINITY, IS DERIVED FOR VARIOUS RELATION- SHIPS. eSSENTIALLY, "DEGREE" IS A MEASURE OF THE NUMBER OF STEPS YOU MUST MAKE ON THIS CHART TO MOVE FROM ONE INDIVIDUAL TO ANOTHER. iF YOU WISH TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP OF TWO MORE INDIVIDUALS, PRESS THE APPROPRIATE NUMERIC KEYS. pRESS THE menu KEY TO LEAVE relationship. iii gREAT gRAND pARENT / \ ii gRAND gRAND pARENT uNCLE OR iv / \ iii aUNT i pARENT uNCLE \ / \ ii OR 2ND * self bROTHER aUNT cOUSIN v / OR \ iv \ i cHILD sISTER 1 ST 2ND / \ cOUSIN cOUSIN vi ii gRAND iii nEPHEW \ v oNCE cHILD OR 1ST rEMOVED nIECE cOUSIN \ \ oNCE 2ND gRAND rEMOVED cOUSIN vii iv nEPHEW \ tWICE OR 1ST vi rEMOVED nIECE cOUSIN tWICE rEMOVED anniversary anniversary DISPLAYS ALL BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATHS THAT HAVE OCCURED ON A SPECIFIED DATE. iT ALLOWS YOU TO CHECK TO SEE IF IMPORTANT ANNIVER- SARIES ARE COMING UP OR IF YOU HAVE JUST FORGOTTEN ONE. choosing a date wHEN YOU SELECT THE ROUTINE FROM THE mENU, YOU WILL BE ASKED TO ENTER A DATE. tHE COMPUTER WILL THEN SEARCH THE FILES FOR ALL RECORDS CONTAINING THE DATE YOU HAVE SELECTED AND PLACE THEM ON THE SCREEN. iF YOU WISH TO FIND OUT IF "TODAY" IS THE ANNIVERSARY OF ANY VITAL EVENT, JUST PRESS return WITHOUT SPECIFYING A DATE. iF YOU ONLY SPECIFY ONLY A MONTH, THE COMPUTER WILL SEARCH FOR DATES ENTERED WITH A MONTH BUT NOT A DAY. 38 oN DAYS WHEN THERE ARE ENOUGH ANNIVERSARIES TO FILL THE SCREEN, YOU MAY USE THE forward AND reverrse KEYS TO PAGE BACK AND FORTH IN THE DISPLAY. yOU MAY ALSO WALK FORWARD INTO THE FUTURE, CHECKING FOR ANNIVERSARIES ON UPCOMING DAYS, BY PRESSING return. eACH return WILL ADVANCE THE DATE ONE DAY. aT ANY TIME YOU MAY PLACE AN INDIVIDUAL FROM THE DISPLAY INTO THE F-TABLE. tO SELECT A NEW DATE, PRESS THE menu KEY ONCE. pRESSING IT TWICE LEAVES THE ROUTINE. exit oN THE menu WHEN WISHING TO LEAVE roots/m TO RETURN TO cp/m, PLACE THE CURSOR ON THE exit LINE AND PRESS return. tHE COMPUTER WILL ASK YOU TO VERIFY: "aRE YOU SURE?" (y,n)?" iF YOU DO WISH TO EXIT, PRESS THE "y"; IF NOT, "n", WHICH RETURNS YOU TO THE menu. aFTER YOU LEAVE roots/m THROUGH exit, THE COMPUTER WILL BE IN THE cp/m COMMAND MODE. tHE cp/m PROMPT WILL APPEAR ON THE SCREEN PRECEDED BY THE ONLINE DRIVE DESIGNATION. aT THIE POINT ALL THE cp/m COMMANDS CAN BE USED. fILES CAN BE EXAMINED, COPIED, RENAMED AND ERASED. mAKE CERTAIN THAT YOU HAVE A BACKUP COPY OF roots/m FILES BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO ALTER ANYTHING CONTAINED ON THE DISTRIBUTION DISK. a final note tHE FILE YOU CREATE WHILE USING roots/m WILL BECOME VERY LARGE KEEPING UP WITH A SUCCESSFUL GENEALOGICAL SEARCH. sINCE THE ENTRY OF ANCESTORS INTO THE FILE TAKES A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF TIME, A HUGE FILE REPRESENTS A SIGNIFICANT INVESTMENT. tO AVOID LOSING THE FAMILY TREE CONTAINED IN THE FILE, PERIODICALLY MAKE A COPY OF THE FILE, AND SAVE IT ON A SEP- ARATE DISK WHICH CAN BE STORED IN A SECURE PLACE. 39 providing your own date routine tHE roots/m FILE NAMED datmod.ovl CONTAINS AN OVERLAY MODULE WHICH PRO- VIDES THE DATE TO THE PROGRAM AS ENTERED BY THE USER. eXPERIENCED ASSEM- BLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMERS MAY WISH TO INCORPORATE THEIR OWN DATE ROUTINES IN roots/m WHEN AN ALTERNATE SOURCE OF THE DATE IS AVAILABLE, SUCH AS FROM A HARDWARE CLOCK. tHE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS PROVIDED AS A GUIDE FOR THOSE WHO MAY WISH TO INCORPORATE A CUSTOM datmod.ovl IN roots/m. tHE roots/m DATE MODULE IS LOADED BY THE roots LOADER JUST BEFORE TRANS- FERRING CONTROL TO rms. tHE FOLLOWING RULES MUST BE OBSERVED IF A CUSTOM DATE MODULE IS TO BE USED: 1. tHE DATE MODULE MUST BE NAMED " datmod.ovl ". 2. tHE MODULE ENTRY POINT IS 103h. 3. tHE LAST INSTRUCTION IN THE DATE MODULE SHOULD BE retURN (c9h). 4. tHE MODULE MUST NOT OCCUPY MORE THAN 4k BYTES OF ram. 5. tHE DATE MODULE MUST USE NO MORE THAT 100 BYTES OF STACK SPACE. 6. wHEN THE MODULE IS CALLED, THE CURSOR WILL BE AT THE START OF THE THIRD LINE WHICH IS THE NORMAL LOCATION FOR THE DATE MODULE NAME AND VERSION NUMBER. yOU MAY SUPPLY YOUR OWN MODULE NAME ON THIS LINE IF YOU WISH. 7. oN ENTRY THE hl REGISTER PAIR WILL CONTAIN THE ADDRESS OF THE FIRST OF THREE BYTES OF DATA WHICH HOLD THE COMPACTED DATE. yOUR CUSTOM MODULE MUST WRITE THE CURRENT DATE INTO THE THREE CONSECUTIVE BYTES IN THE FOLLOWING FORMAT: ((hl)) ((hl+1)) ((hl+2)) yyyyyyyy mmmmmmmd ddddoooo tHE FIRST BYTE CONTAINS THE CURRENT YEAR DIVIDED BY 10, ROUNDED DOWN. fOR EXAMPLE, 1986 WOULD BE ENTERED AS THE BINARY EQUIVALENT OF 198. tHE 7 MOST SIGNIFICANT BITS OF BYTE 2 CONTAIN THE BINARY EQUIVALENT OF THE NUMBER OF MONTHS THAT HAVE ELAPSED SINCE THE BASE YEAR DESIG- NATED IN BYTE 1. fOR EXAMPLE, jANUARY OF 1980 WOULD REQUIRE THAT ALL OF THE "m" BITS BE ZERO, WHILE jULY OF 1986 WOULD REQUIRE THAT THE BINARY EQUIVALENT OF 78 BE ENTERED IN THE 7 MOST SIGNIFICANT BITS OF BYTE 2. tHE DAY OF THE MONTH IS DESIGNATED BY THE LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT OF BYTE 2 AND THE 4 MOST SIGNIFICANT BITS OF BYTE 2. jULY 9, 1982 WOULD BE ENTERED AS FOLLOWS: ((hl)) ((hl+1)) ((hl+2)) c6h 3ch 90h aLL THREE BYTES SHOULD BE ZERO FOR A NULL DATE. 8. iF THE datmod.ovl FILE IS NOT INCLUDED ON THE roots/m DISK, THE PROGRAM WILL NOT ASK FOR A DATE AND A NULL DATE WILL BE ASSUMED. 40 m DISK, THE PROGRAM WILL NOT ASK FOR A DATE AND A NULL DATE WILL BE ASSUMED.