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resqflpy.txt
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1996-10-16
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RESQFLPY: A Floppy Diskette Recovery Utility
--------------------------------------------
By: Zvi Netiv. April 22, 1996
INTRODUCTION
------------
RESQFLPY is a utility originally written to recover a friend's book
manuscript from a bad floppy diskette. RESQFLPY helped retrieve all
the files from the inaccessible floppy.
Probably the worst mistake people make when attempting to recover data
from inaccessible disks, either floppy or hard, is that they perform
operations on it directly. This usually worsens the problem unless
they know exactly what they are doing. Never write directly to a disk
until you have regained functional read/write access to it, and you
have copied all of the files from it you need.
When you are unable to access ( read/write ) a floppy the problem is
usually the magnetic media has defective sectors. Floppies usually
develop defects in those areas where data is written. Sometimes,
however, the physical sectors where the boot sector or root directory
are placed become defective. If the sector is critical for accessing
the floppy, such as the boot sector or root directory, then DOS will
be unable to read the floppy at all. Yet if you can read or write to
it, then the floppy only has defects in areas where the data is
written. Portions of your data, typically one or more files, are then
inaccessible. The latter problem can often be recovered using either
CHKDSK, RECOVER, SCANDISK or another disk repair tool. When these
tools are used, however, the changes are generally irreversible. If
the result is worse than the original condition, then there is no easy
method to reverse the changes you have made.
For this reason, it is often helpful to have an exact replica (clone)
of the source floppy on media in good condition, such as on another
floppy without any media defects. Recovery can then proceed without
concern that the recovery effort itself may make the situation worse.
Any disk editing tools or methods at your disposal can be used on the
clone.
Unfortunately disk copy programs typically abort when trying to read,
copy, or duplicate a floppy with media defects. Even though there may
be completely intact files on it, DOS copy tools generally abort
preventing users from copying or accessing even intact files.
RESQFLPY solves this problem by producing an image file of a SOURCE
floppy even when it has defective sectors in data area, root
directory, or boot sector. Defective sectors are ignored, or read by
force where possible, during generation of the image file.
RESQFLPY outputs a display to the screen during the copy operation.
Intact sectors will be indicated by "." and defective sectors will be
indicated by an "x". This display reveals the extent of the damage on
the disk.
RESQFLPY can copy the image file to a freshly formatted floppy without
any media defects producing a CLONE of the original. There is no limit
on the number of clones you can make from the image file.
It is now possible to try as many methods as you wish on the clone
without further deteriorating the already defective source floppy.
When the boot sector of the source floppy is bad then you can install
a fresh one to the clone with FIXBOOT /S (force floppy size). This is
usually enough to access the cloned floppy, if a bad boot sector was
what prevented access to the source.
If the source disk has media defects in the FAT or root areas then you
can try DOS's CHKDSK, RECOVER, or SCANDISK on the cloned disk to
attempt recovery of the files. If these DOS tools are insufficient,
then try any other disk editing tools you may have such as DISKEDIT on
the clone. Since RESQFLPY allows you to produce as many clones as you
wish, you can attempt as many recovery trials as are needed without
any risk of further harming the original source diskette.
USING RESQFLPY
--------------
It is preferrable to use RESQFLPY from simple DOS. If necessary, boot
your system and press F5 (using DOS 6.x and higher) to remove any
TSR's from memory that may interfere with successful cloning of the
disk.
To begin, place the floppy you wish to clone in one of your floppy
drives, and then type RESQFLPY from the command line. Be sure to have
the RESQFLPY program in DOS's search path, or type it with its full
pathname. You will be presented with each of the following steps in
turn. You can abort the process at any stage by tapping the ESCAPE
key.
Step 1:
"Choose floppy type from 360K [1], 720K [2], 1.2M [3], 1.44M [4]:"
- Select the number corresponding to the size of the floppy disk you
wish to clone. RESQFLPY will check if there is enough free space for
the image file on the default drive. If not, the program will abort,
indicating there is not enough free space left to complete the
operation.
Step 2:
"Produce (I)mage of floppy or (R)econstruct from image? [I/R]"
- Select "I" to produce an image file of the SOURCE disk, or "R" to
copy an image file you have already produced to a new, formatted
floppy known to be free of defects.
The image file produced has the filename "RESQ-IMG.FIL". The image
file will be placed in the current directory, on the default drive.
Step 3:
"In which drive is the source (or target)? [A/B]"
- Select either drive "A" or "B" as the drive for RESQFLPY to work
with. Once this phase of the process has begun, you can hit ESCAPE
to abort the process, if you wish.
If you have already created an image file, you will be prompted with:
Step 4: Image file exists, overwrite it? [Y/N]
- Select "Y" to overwrite the existing image file. Selecting "N"
to aborts the process with the message "Operation completed" to
indicate the first image file was not overwritten.
When RESQFLPY starts the process of copying sector by sector of the
SOURCE disk into the image file, you can abort by using ESC. The
processs will then terminate with the message "Operation failed."
The generation of the image file can take several minutes as RESQFLPY
reads and writes each sector of the SOURCE to the image file. Please
be patient. You are kept advised of the success of the read operations
by the dots ( . ) and the read failures by the x's. Observing this
display is informative. You will be able to visualize the extent of
the damage on the SOURCE disk.
Once you have successfully created an image file, run RESQFLPY again
to copy the image to a CLONE disk. RESQFLPY will look for the file
RESQ-IMG.FIL in the current, or root directory, when you choose to
create a CLONE disk.
Be sure to use a new, unconditionally formatted floppy for your CLONE.
Use DOS unconditional format (DOS 5 or higher) by issuing from the
command line: FORMAT drive_letter: /U. In case there are bad sectors
on the target floppy, then RESQFLPY will detect them with its internal
verification. The program will abort and display a message "Target has
a bad sector or is improperly formatted". You can then retry with a
reformatted floppy or with a fresh disk.
You are now ready to perform any recovery procedure you might wish on
the CLONE floppy without fear of causing any further damage to the
original. If your first recovery effort does not succeed, generate a
new CLONE and try again.
Additional Note
---------------
FIXBOOT is part of the NetZ Utilities. It is also included in the
InVircible, and InVircible Pro Expert Systems AntiVirus and Disaster
Recovery tool kits. The NetZ utilities and InVircible can be obtained
from The InVircible Forum on CompuServe. InVircible Pro is only
available from NetZ Computing Ltd., a licensed NetZ Agent, or an
authorized reseller of NetZ products.